乳头周围超反射卵形团状结构（PHOMS）是扩张轴突向布鲁赫膜开口水平上方的乳头周围区域的横向凸出突出。在我们评估视神经乳头（ONH）时，越来越多地使用增强的深度成像-光学相干断层扫描（EDI-OCT），以及对与PHOMS相关的广泛视神经病变的更多认识提供了令人信服的证据，表明PHOMS不仅仅是如前所述的埋藏的视盘玻璃疣（ODD）。PHOMS与ODD的频繁共存，乳头水肿,前部缺血性视神经病变,视盘倾斜综合征,炎性脱髓鞘疾病和其他与细胞质淤滞相关的疾病提供了对其潜在病理生理学的见解。本综述将讨论主要成像方式在PHOMS鉴别诊断中的作用。探索目前关于PHOMS与常见神经眼科疾病之间关系的文献，并突出我们知识的差距，关于疾病分类和预后，为未来的研究方向铺平道路。
Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) are a laterally bulging herniation of distended axons into the peripapillary region above the level of Bruch\'s membrane opening. Increased use of enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) in our evaluation of the optic nerve head (ONH) and greater recognition of the vast range of optic nerve pathologies with which PHOMS is associated provides convincing evidence that PHOMS is not just buried optic disc drusen (ODD) as previously described. The frequent coexistence of PHOMS with ODD, papilloedema, anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, tilted optic disc syndrome, inflammatory demyelinating disorders and other diseases associated with axoplasmic stasis provides insight into its underlying pathophysiology. The present
review will discuss the role of key imaging modalities in the differential diagnosis of PHOMS, explore the current literature on the relationship between PHOMS and common neuro-ophthalmic conditions, and highlight the gaps in our knowledge, with respect to disease classification and prognosis, to pave the way for future directions of research.
