农药是用来控制昆虫等害虫的化学物质,真菌,和杂草。农药残留可在施用后保留在作物上。辣椒是受欢迎的多功能食品,因其风味而受到重视,营养,和药用特性。食用生辣椒或新鲜辣椒(钟形辣椒和辣椒)由于其高水平的维生素而对健康有益,矿物,和抗氧化剂。因此,至关重要的是要考虑农药使用和制备方法等因素,才能充分发挥这些好处。确保辣椒中的农药残留水平对人体健康无害,需要严格和持续的监测。几种分析方法,如气相色谱(GC),液相色谱(LC),质谱(MS),红外光谱(IR),紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis),和核磁共振波谱(NMR),可以检测和量化辣椒中的农药残留。分析方法的选择取决于具体的农药,正在测试的样本类型和正在分析的样本类型。样品制备方法通常包括几个过程。这包括提取,用来从胡椒基质中分离杀虫剂,和清理,去除任何可能影响分析准确性的干扰物质。监管机构或食品安全组织通常通过规定最大残留限值(MRL)来监测辣椒中的农药残留。在这里,我们讨论各种样品制备,清理,和分析技术,以及分析辣椒中农药的消散模式和监测策略的应用,以帮助防范潜在的人类健康风险。从作者的角度来看,在监测辣椒中农药残留的分析方法中存在一些挑战和局限性。这些包括矩阵的复杂性,一些分析方法的灵敏度有限,成本和时间,缺乏标准方法,和有限的样本量。此外,开发新的分析方法,使用机器学习和人工智能,促进可持续和有机种植的做法,改进样品制备方法,提高标准化水平可以有效地帮助分析辣椒中的农药残留。
Pesticides are chemicals that are used to control pests such as insects, fungi, and weeds. Pesticide residues can remain on crops after application. Peppers are popular and versatile foods that are valued for their flavor, nutrition, and medicinal properties. The consumption of raw or fresh peppers (bell and chili) can have important health benefits due to their high levels of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Therefore, it is crucial to consider factors such as pesticide use and preparation methods to fully realize these benefits. Ensuring that the levels of pesticide residues in peppers are not harmful to human health requires rigorous and continuous monitoring. Several analytical methods, such as gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), mass spectrometry (MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), can detect and quantify pesticide residues in peppers. The choice of analytical method depends on the specific pesticide, that is being tested for and the type of sample being analyzed. The sample preparation method usually involves several processes. This includes extraction, which is used to separate the pesticides from the
pepper matrix, and cleanup, which removes any interfering substances that could affect the accuracy of the analysis. Regulatory agencies or food safety organizations typically monitor pesticide residues in peppers by stipulating maximum residue limits (MRLs). Herein, we discuss various sample preparation, cleanup, and analytical techniques, as well as the dissipation patterns and application of monitoring strategies for analyzing pesticides in peppers to help safeguard against potential human health risks. From the authors\' perspective, several challenges and limitations exist in the analytical approach to monitoring pesticide residues in peppers. These include the complexity of the matrix, the limited sensitivity of some analytical methods, cost and time, a lack of standard methods, and limited sample size. Furthermore, developing new analytical methods, using machine learning and artificial intelligence, promoting sustainable and organic growing practices, improving sample preparation methods, and increasing standardization could assist efficiently in analyzing pesticide residues in peppers.