Returning to running postpartum presents challenges such as musculoskeletal pain and pelvic floor dysfunction for some females, but there is little guidance on developing and progressing postpartum training programmes. This study aims to establish expert consensus recommendations on designing and modifying a postpartum return-to-running training programme, highlight costs and access to qualified professionals as potential barriers and discuss clinical, research and sports policy implications.A three-round Delphi survey of clinical and exercise professionals working with postpartum runners was conducted. Round I consisted of open-ended questions related to designing the training plan, modifications based on biopsychosocial factors, key muscle groups to train and referral and payment sources. Rounds II and III involved Likert-scale voting to identify consensus (≥75% agreement).118 participants completed Round I, 107 completed Round II (response rate 90.6%) and 95 completed Round III (response rate 80.5%). Consensus was reached in 42/47 (89%) statements, including recommendations for a period of relative rest, gradual increases in duration and intensity, starting with a walk-run protocol and incorporating strength training. Training should be modified based on musculoskeletal or pelvic symptoms, sleep, mental health, lactation or energy availability concerns. Cost and access to experienced postpartum running professionals were identified as potential barriers for runners to receive care.Consensus recommendations for a postpartum return-to-running programme include an individualised exercise prescription, gradual increases in physical activity, walk-run protocols and targeted muscle strengthening. Further research and improved access to clinical and exercise professionals are needed to inform and facilitate best practices.

随着盆底修复手术技术的革新和重建材料的发展，女性盆底重建手术中植入物的应用日益广泛，其术式包括经阴道植入网片手术（TVM）、骶骨固定术（SC）、抗尿失禁尿道中段悬吊带术（MUS）。植入物相关并发症临床并不少见，部分并发症表现严重，许多国际学术组织、国家或地区的学术组织推出了并发症诊断登记指南或规范。中华医学会妇产科学分会妇科盆底学组，以学组专家成员为基础、同时邀请部分国内本领域专家，结合国内外最新相关文献，一同进行了深入讨论，形成了《女性盆底重建手术植入物并发症登记中国专家共识》，内容涵盖手术的登记标准、植入物并发症的登记标准［包括“类别-时间-部位（CTS）”编码分类系统及Clavien-Dindo分级］、随访及并发症登记的质量控制。必须更好地完善我国盆底重建手术（包括TVM、SC、MUS）中植入物相关并发症的登记工作。盆底重建手术涉及的人口学信息、疾病诊断与评估信息以及手术情况（包括围手术期信息、手术结局、随访情况等）均应该登记，盆底重建手术植入物并发症均应按照CTS分类和Clavien-Dindo分级进行登记，也应该注意随访及并发症登记工作的质量控制。.

Intersphincteric resection (ISR) is an oncologically complex operation for very low-lying rectal cancers. Yet, definition, anatomical description, operative indications and operative approaches to ISR are not standardized. The aim of this study was to standardize the definition of ISR by reaching international consensus from the experts in the field. This standardization will allow meaningful comparison in the literature in the future.
A modified Delphi approach with three rounds of questionnaire was adopted. A total of 29 international experts from 11 countries were recruited for this study. Six domains with a total of 37 statements were examined, including anatomical definition; definition of intersphincteric dissection, intersphincteric resection (ISR) and ultra-low anterior resection (uLAR); indication for ISR; surgical technique of ISR; specimen description of ISR; and functional outcome assessment protocol.
Three rounds of questionnaire were performed (response rate 100%, 89.6%, 89.6%). Agreement (≥80%) reached standardization on 36 statements.
This study provides an international expert consensus-based definition and standardization of ISR. This is the first study standardizing terminology and definition of deep pelvis/anal canal anatomy from a surgical point of view. Intersphincteric dissection, ISR and uLAR were specifically defined for precise surgical description. Indication for ISR was determined by the rectal tumour\'s maximal radial infiltration (T stage) below the levator ani. A new surgical definition of T3isp was reached by consensus to define T3 low rectal tumours infiltrating the intersphincteric plane. A practical flowchart for surgical indication for uLAR/ISR/abdominoperineal resection was developed. A standardized ISR surgical technique and functional outcome assessment protocol was defined.

When a patient presents with symptoms suggestive of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), clinical evaluation should include an assessment of symptoms, their impact on daily life and rule out other pelvic pathologies. The prolapse should be described compartment by compartment, indicating the extent of the externalization for each. The diagnosis of POP is clinical. Additional exams may be requested to explore the symptoms associated or not explained by the observed prolapse. Pelvic floor muscle training and pessaries are non-surgical conservative treatment options recommended as first-line therapy for pelvic organ prolapse. They can be offered in combination and be associated with the management of modifiable risk factors for prolapse. If the conservative therapeutic options do not meet the patient\'s expectations, surgery should be proposed if the symptoms are disabling, related to pelvic organ prolapse, detected on clinical examination and significant (stage 2 or more of the POP-Q classification). Surgical routes for POP repair can be abdominal with mesh placement, or vaginal with autologous tissue. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy is recommended for cases of apical and anterior prolapse. Autologous vaginal surgery (including colpocleisis) is a recommended option for elderly and fragile patients. For cases of isolated rectocele, the posterior vaginal route with autologous tissue should be preferentially performed over the transanal route. The decision to place a mesh must be made in consultation with a multidisciplinary team. After the surgery, the patient should be reassessed by the surgeon, even in the absence of symptoms or complications, and in the long term by a primary care or specialist doctor.

暂无摘要。

In recent years, professional societies in China including the Chinese Medical Doctor Association Anorectal Branch have issued many clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus on constipation, which played a positive role in the standardization of diagnosis and surgical treatment of chronic constipation in China. However, the diagnosis and treatment of outlet obstructive constipation (OOC) remain controversial. OOC, the most common subtype of functional constipation, is featured by various clinical symptoms, complex pelvic floor anatomy, functional and psychological aspects. We need a gold standard supported by high-level clinical research evidence. To standardize the diagnosis and treatment process of OOC in China, Chinese Medical Doctor Association Anorectal Branch and its Clinical Guidelines Committee, and jointly sponsored by Professional Committee on Anorectal Diseases of Chinese Society of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anorectal Disease Committee of Chinese Medical Women\'s Association and Chinese Constipation Medical Association, and the Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery organized and summoned a Chinese expert taskforce to focus on OOC diagnosis, classification, examination, evaluation, and various treatments (e.g. diet modification, medication, biofeedback therapy, pelvic floor function training, psychological intervention, traditional Chinese medicine and surgical treatment). Based on the latest relevant evidence in China and abroad and experts\' clinical experience, the taskforce produced the \" Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of outlet obstructive constipation (2022 edition)\" after rounds of discussion and revision. The aim is to help anorectal surgeons make clinical decisions, standardize the process of diagnosis and treatment, reduce complications and improve clinical efficacy in OOC.
近年来，中国医师协会肛肠医师分会等我国多个学会陆续发布了便秘相关的多个诊治指南及专家共识，对我国慢性便秘外科诊治的规范化开展起到了积极的作用。但是作为功能性便秘最常见亚型的出口梗阻型便秘（OOC），由于其临床症状多样、盆底解剖复杂，还涉及到功能和心理等多个方面，其诊断和治疗仍然是一个非常有争议的问题，尚缺乏金标准与高级别的临床研究证据。为了规范我国OOC的诊治流程，提高临床疗效和减少治疗并发症，由中国医师协会肛肠医师分会及其临床指南工作委员会牵头，中国中西医结合学会大肠肛门病专业委员会、中国女医师协会肛肠专业委员会、中华便秘医学会等共同发起，由《中华胃肠外科杂志》组织召集国内本研究领域的专家组成工作团队，针对OOC的诊断、OOC的分类和检查及评估、治疗包括培养良好的饮食生活习惯、药物治疗、生物反馈治疗、盆底功能训练、心理干预、中医中药治疗和外科治疗等，在检索相关文献的基础上，结合国内外最新循证医学证据和临床经验，经过多次讨论修改，并对相关内容进行投票表决，达成了《出口梗阻型便秘诊治中国专家共识（2022版）》，旨在帮助肛肠外科医生做出临床决策，规范诊疗流程，减少并发症，提高临床疗效。.

To develop a screening tool for pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) in female athletes for use by sports medicine clinicians (eg, musculoskeletal/sports physiotherapists, sports and exercise medicine physicians), which guides referral to a PFD specialist (eg, pelvic floor/women\'s health physiotherapist, gynaecologist, urogynaecologist, urologist).Between February and April 2022, an international two-round modified Delphi study was conducted to assess expert opinion on which symptoms, risk factors and clinical and sports-related characteristics (items) should be included in a screening tool. We defined consensus a priori as >67% response agreement to pass each round.41 and 34 experts participated in rounds 1 and 2, respectively. Overall, seven general statements were endorsed as relevant by most participants highlighting the importance of screening for PFD in female athletes. Through consensus, the panel developed the Pelvic Floor Dysfunction-ScrEeNing Tool IN fEmale athLetes (PFD-SENTINEL) and agreed to a cluster of PFD symptoms (n=5) and items (risk factors, clinical and sports-related characteristics; n=28) that should prompt specialist care. A clinical algorithm was also created: a direct referral is recommended when at least one symptom or 14 items are reported. If these thresholds are not reached, continuous monitoring of the athlete\'s health is indicated.Despite increasing awareness and clinical relevance, barriers to identify PFD in female athletes are still present. The PFD-SENTINEL is a new resource for sports medicine clinicians who regularly assess female athletes and represents the first step towards early PFD identification and management. Further studies to validate the tool are needed.

Supralevator, suprasphincteric, extrasphincteric, and high intrarectal fistulas (high fistulas in muscle layers of the rectal wall) are well-known high anal fistulas which are considered the most complex and extremely challenging fistulas to manage. Magnetic resonance imaging has brought more clarity to the pathophysiology of these fistulas. Along with these fistulas, a new type of complex fistula in high outersphincteric space, a fistula at the roof of ischiorectal fossa inside the levator ani muscle (RIFIL), has been described. The diagnosis, management, and prognosis of RIFIL fistulas is reported to be even worse than supralevator and suprasphincteric fistulas. There is a lot of confusion regarding the anatomy, diagnosis, and management of these five types of fistulas. The main reason for this is the paucity of literature about these fistulas. The common feature of all these fistulas is their complete involvement of the external anal sphincter. Therefore, fistulotomy, the simplest and most commonly performed procedure, is practically ruled out in these fistulas and a sphincter-saving procedure needs to be performed. Recent advances have provided new insights into the anatomy, radiological modalities, diagnosis, and management of these five types of high fistulas. These have been discussed and guidelines formulated for the diagnosis and treatment of these fistulas for the first time in this paper.

应用聚丙烯网片或吊带的盆底重建手术快速发展，但同时网片或吊带（网片/吊带）植入后暴露、疼痛等相关并发症也引起了高度关注，并发症的发生明显降低了患者的生命质量，且临床处理棘手。本共识是针对网片/吊带暴露这一特有的并发症，在参考2020年美国妇科泌尿协会（AUGS）和国际妇科泌尿协会（IUGA）有关网片相关并发症诊治流程的联合立场声明的基础上，由中华医学会妇产科学分会妇科盆底学组专家结合我国的实际情况集体讨论制定。本共识全面阐述了网片/吊带暴露并发症的诊断、治疗和预防，为临床医师提供了明确的诊疗思路和处理方法，供同道借鉴。.

暂无摘要。