A higher level of pain self-efficacy has been suggested as a predictor of a better outcome in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) is one of the most frequently used patient-reported outcome measures for pain self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review that would identify, appraise, and synthetize the psychometric properties of the PSEQ. Embase, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases were searched for publications reporting on psychometric properties of the PSEQ in populations with musculoskeletal disorders. After applying selection criteria on identified citations, 28 studies (9853 participants) were included. The methodological quality as measured with the COSMIN risk of bias tool varied from adequate to very good for most measurement properties. The results showed a weighted mean intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.86 (range: 0.75-0.93) for test-retest reliability for the original 10-item PSEQ and the minimal detectable change at 95% confidence interval was 11.52 out of 60 points. Effect size and standardized response mean values were 0.53 and 0.63, respectively, whereas the minimal clinically important difference ranged from 5.5 to 8.5 in patients with chronic low back pain. Internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) ranged from 0.79 to 0.95. The results also showed that the PSEQ has low to moderate correlations with measures of quality of life, disability, pain, pain interference, anxiety, depression, and catastrophizing. Finally, the PSEQ has been adapted and validated in 14 languages. Overall, the results demonstrate that the PSEQ has excellent validity, reliability, and responsiveness. Further high-quality studies are needed to determine responsiveness in populations other than chronic low back pain.

To conduct a systematic review on pain self-efficacy measures in children and adolescents. The review aims: (a) to summarize all self-report measures of pain self-efficacy that have been used with children and adolescents; (b) to rate the quality of these measures; (c) to summarize associations between pain self-efficacy and other constructs.
To identify studies for inclusion, we searched Medline, PsycINFO, and relevant literature. We identified self-report measures of pain self-efficacy in studies with children and adolescents and extracted information on content, use and psychometric properties of these measures. All identified measures were rated according to the criteria for evidence-based assessment of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. For studies that used measures that were rated \"well-established\" or \"approaching well-established,\" data were extracted on associations of pain self-efficacy with other constructs.
Thirty-nine articles were included that described 12 different pain self-efficacy measures. Two of these measures were rated \"well-established,\" one assessing self-efficacy for functioning despite pain and one assessing self-efficacy for impacting abdominal pain. Two measures were rated \"approaching well-established.\" Higher pain self-efficacy was associated with less pain intensity, less pain-related disability, less catastrophizing, and less depressive and somatic symptoms and with more pain acceptance and more positive self-instructions. Boys reported higher self-efficacy scores than girls.
Currently, there is no standard assessment of pain self-efficacy in children and adolescents. Two \"well-established\" measures are available, each with a slightly different focus. Overall, results are in line with the understanding of pain self-efficacy as a resilience factor for coping with pain.