乙醇激活大脑中各种含有阿片类肽的回路,这可能是其动机和奖励作用的基础。该电路的一个组成部分由位于下丘脑弓状核(ArcN)中的神经元组成,这些神经元表达pro-opiomelanocortin(POMC),阿片样物质前体肽,其被切割以形成包括β-内啡肽和α-黑素细胞刺激激素的生物活性片段。在这项研究中,我们试图通过立即早期基因c-fos的表达来确定乙醇摄入是否激活ArcNPOMC神经元。雄性和雌性POMC-EGFP小鼠连续3天(2小时/天)进行黑暗饮酒(DID)程序,并允许消耗乙醇(20%v/v)。糖精(0.2%w/v),或者水。在DID程序的第四天,允许动物消耗它们各自的溶液20分钟,和1小时后收集大脑,并进行c-fos免疫组织化学和与EGFP的共定位。我们的结果表明,乙醇摄入激活了ArcNPOMC神经元的一个子集(〜15-20%),而糖精或水的摄入激活这些神经元的显着较少(〜5-12%)。激活的POMC神经元的百分比与组织收集时的血液乙醇水平无关,激活似乎分布在ArcN的rostrocautal轴上。在饮用溶液中,未观察到神经元激活程度的性别差异。这些发现表明乙醇消耗优先激活ArcNPOMC神经元,加强乙醇激活大脑中内源性阿片系统的概念,这可能是其动机特性的基础。
Ethanol activates various opioid peptide-containing circuits within the brain that may underlie its motivational and rewarding effects. One component of this circuitry consists of neurons located in the arcuate nucleus (ArcN) of the hypothalamus which express pro-opiomelanocortin (
POMC), an opioid precursor peptide that is cleaved to form bioactive fragments including β-endorphin and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone. In this
study, we sought to determine if ethanol intake activates ArcN
POMC neurons as measured by expression of the immediate early gene c-fos. Male and female
POMC-EGFP mice underwent drinking-in-the-dark (DID) procedures for 3 consecutive days (2 h/day) and were allowed to consume either ethanol (20% v/v), saccharin (0.2% w/v), or water. On the fourth day of DID procedures, animals were allowed to consume their respective solutions for 20 min, and 1 h following the session brains were harvested and processed for c-fos immunohistochemistry and co-localization with EGFP. Our results indicate that ethanol intake activates a subset (~15-20%) of ArcN
POMC neurons, whereas saccharin or water intake activates significantly fewer (~5-12%) of these neurons. The percent of activated
POMC neurons did not correlate with blood ethanol levels at the time of tissue collection, and activation appeared to be distributed throughout the rostrocaudal axis of the ArcN. No sex differences were observed in the degree of neuronal activation across drinking solutions. These findings indicate a preferential activation of ArcN POMC neurons by ethanol consumption, strengthening the notion that ethanol activates endogenous opioid systems in the brain which may underlie its motivational properties.