慢性病的患病率,一般人群中皮肤伤口不愈合,最值得注意的是糖尿病足溃疡,腿部静脉性溃疡和压力性溃疡,约为2%,预计还会增加,主要是由于人口老龄化和肥胖和糖尿病的稳步上升。不愈合的伤口经常被感染,增加危及生命的并发症的风险,这构成了巨大的社会经济负担。旨在改善感染伤口的管理,各种含有抗菌药物(AMD)的伤口敷料,即聚己胺(聚(六亚甲基双胍);PHMB),已被引入伤口护理市场。然而,许多伤口护理专业人员一致认为,这些伤口敷料均未显示出全面或最佳的抗菌活性。该手稿总结并讨论了用于伤口敷料的PHMB释放膜(PRM)的研究,详细说明他们的准备工作,与AMD上下文相关的物理属性,药物装载和释放,抗菌活性,生物相容性,伤口愈合能力,和临床试验。这些PRM中的一些能够在体内模型中改善伤口愈合,没有相关的细胞毒性,但是研究设计的显著差异使得难以比较总体疗效。希望这次审查,其中包括,只要有,测试AMD的国际标准,将为未来的研究提供一个框架。
The prevalence of chronic, non-healing skin wounds in the general population, most notably diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers and pressure ulcers, is approximately 2% and is expected to increase, driven mostly by the aging population and the steady rise in obesity and diabetes. Non-healing wounds often become infected, increasing the risk of life-threatening complications, which poses a significant socioeconomic burden. Aiming at the improved management of infected wounds, a variety of wound dressings that incorporate antimicrobials (AMDs), namely polyhexanide (poly(hexamethylene biguanide);
PHMB), have been introduced in the wound-care market. However, many wound-care professionals agree that none of these wound dressings show comprehensive or optimal antimicrobial activity. This manuscript summarizes and discusses studies on
PHMB-releasing membranes (PRMs) for wound dressings, detailing their preparation, physical properties that are relevant to the context of AMDs, drug loading and release, antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, wound-healing capacity, and clinical trials conducted. Some of these PRMs were able to improve wound healing in in vivo models, with no associated cytotoxicity, but significant differences in study design make it difficult to compare overall efficacies. It is hoped that this
review, which includes, whenever available, international standards for testing AMDs, will provide a framework for future studies.