Objective: The objective of this study is to present a case report in which the injectable composite resin technique was used as a restorative alternative for dental re-anatomization in a patient with cleft lip and palate and aesthetic complaints. Materials and Methods: The treatment plan included the re-anatomization of the maxillary premolars and canines using a flowable composite resin. This resin was injected and cured through a transparent matrix, which was a copy of the diagnostic wax-up model. Some parameters such as application time and marginal adaptation were also observed when performing the restorations. Additionally, old composite resin restorations on the upper lateral incisors were replaced using the incremental technique with conventional resins, which helped to assess color stability and fracture/wear deterioration for both restorative techniques. Results: The clinical case report shows that the injectable technique was a simple and quick method for restoring the anatomy of teeth (shape and contour) in one session, since the injectable resin can be easily applied in interproximal areas without the need to manually sculpt the resin. In this case, no clinical, visual, or photographic differences were found in marginal discoloration, color stability, and fracture/wear deterioration for the two restorative techniques after one year of follow-up. Conclusions: The professional may have another clinical option for restorative treatment in the case of small re-anatomizations. In addition, the injectable technique seems to require less operator skill and chair time and better marginal adaptation in cases of small anatomical changes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the complexity of root canal treatments accepted for treatment by postgraduate training grades at Cardiff University Dental Hospital (CUDH) using the English Commissioning Standard for Restorative Dentistry (ECS) in comparison with the American Association of Endodontists case complexity form (AAE) and the Restorative Index of Treatment Need (RIOTN).
METHODS: Two hundred case records were evaluated using the AAE, RIOTN and ECS scoring systems. Each case received a score from minimal to high complexity (1-3). Examiners were calibrated and inter-examiner reliability calculated using the percentage agreement. Frequency of scores were then compared.
RESULTS: Most cases were at level 3 and assessment varied amongst the criteria used (AAE: 99.5%, RIOTN: 65.5% and ECS: 55.5%). The AAE factor \'endodontic treatment history\' was largely responsible for differing scores when compared with the RIOTN (78%) and ECS (64%). The RIOTN factor regarding post treatment disease (\'endodontic retreatment\') was responsible for increased complexity compared with ECS in most cases (74%). The ECS factor \'quality of root filling\' was the most common reason (85%) for an increase in complexity compared with RIOTN.
CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this service evaluation, it was possible to conclude that a high proportion of cases treated by training grades at CUDH were of a high complexity level (level 3) using the three guidelines (ECS, AAE and RIOTN). These cases were appropriate for postgraduate training under various levels of supervision and substantiated by the findings reported here. The factors responsible for a large part of difference in allocation of scores amongst the systems were \'endodontic treatment history\', \'root canal retreatment\' and \'quality of root filling\'.

BACKGROUND: A theory-practice gap in pre-doctoral dental education is a common source of stress for dental students. An interactive, small-group, case-based activity was designed to bridge the gap between pre-clinical and clinical experiences. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of the case-based activity by evaluating students\' comfort level in operative procedures.
METHODS: Over 5 years, a total of 172 second-year students from the classes of 2017 through 2021 participated in the case-based activity delivered after the completion of the core operative dentistry course. The exercise included a pre-activity online quiz, an in-class case-based session and a laboratory exercise. Students\' self-reported comfort levels in performing operative procedures were collected by surveys at three different times. They included the post-course survey distributed after the completion of the core operative dentistry course, the post-activity survey distributed after the completion of the case-based activity, and the follow-up survey distributed after students completed their first operative procedures in clinic.
RESULTS: There was a 93% response rate. The average rating of all eight statements revealed statistically significant increase in students\' comfort level after completing the case-based activity and after performing their first operative procedures in the teaching practice.
CONCLUSIONS: This observation suggests that the case-based activity was effective in raising students\' comfort levels. The activity may serve as an important tool in bridging the theory-practice gap between pre-clinical and clinical operative experiences.

OBJECTIVE: To record in detail, the long-term success of a bleaching treatment employing hydrogen peroxide in a severely darkened tooth.
UNASSIGNED: Tooth discoloration is an important aesthetic complain of patients. Because it is a relatively common condition, different materials and techniques capable of restoring the tooth color in a minimally invasive, conservative, and longstanding manner were developed. In this case, it was used the association between mediate (walking bleach) and immediate (internal/external) bleaching techniques using hydrogen peroxide as the main agent.
CONCLUSIONS: The association of techniques was a conservative therapeutic solution to restore the natural color of the right upper central incisor, which was darkened after an endodontic treatment performed more than twenty years ago. The bleaching protocol used presented no risk to the patient, such as cervical resorption and the color was stable over a 48 months period, showing the success of the protocol proposed for this case.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a possibility to severely darkened teeth receive an adequate bleaching treatment protocol, which can successfully restore the aesthetics and natural color in a conservative and long lasting way.

The aim of the present study was to use the scientific evidence found in a critical literature review as a basis to discuss the displacement of maxillary third molars to the infratemporal fossa in terms of anatomical and demographic characteristics and the treatment protocols used. In addition, this article reports a new clinical case of third molar displacement in a 19-year-old man. For the literature review, the Cochrane, Medline, Lilacs, and BBO databases were searched for relevant key words, and the selected articles were classified in accordance with their level of evidence according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine criteria. Twenty-two articles were found, but only 13 were considered relevant and met the criteria for inclusion in this review. All of the articles were classified as Level 6b for scientific evidence (case reports). The maxillary left third molar was more commonly displaced to the infratemporal fossa (69.23%) than was the right third molar. Most of the molars exhibited complete root formation (53.84%), were multirooted (69.23%), and had fused roots (53.84%). During the procedures for removal of the displaced molars, either general or local anesthetic agents were used. Surgical access for molar removal was almost always intraoral, and no permanent postoperative complications were recorded. The time from tooth displacement until attempted surgical removal ranged from immediately to 24 years after the displacement. Both general dentists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons were responsible for the displacements.

Preclinical operative dentistry courses have traditionally involved a lockstep series of live lectures and laboratory exercises. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of an experimental self-paced operative dentistry course on students\' perceptions and performance and to compare performance outcomes for this class with the classes two years prior and two years after, which were instructed with the traditional curriculum. In 2013, all lectures in one of three operative dentistry courses at the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry were placed online as narrated slide sequences. For the study, conducted in 2017, students\' performance in the course in all five years was assessed, based on exams taken after the laboratory and lecture segments of the course and the practical exam. The experimental class was also invited to complete an end-of-course survey on perceptions of the learning experience. The number of students in classes using the traditional format (in 2011, 2012, 2014, and 2015) ranged from 103 to 108. In the experimental year (2013), 106 students were in the class; course assessments were done for all 106, and 104 responded to the survey (response rate 98%). The results showed no significant differences in assessments between the experimental class and the traditional classes. However, bench instructors reported feeling students in the experimental class were not as well prepared in laboratory sessions as were the traditionally trained students. On the survey, only 22% of students in the experimental class said they always viewed assigned material before the lab periods, with 78% viewing it often, sometimes, seldom, or never. In this class, 48% preferred the online lectures, 37% preferred live lectures, and 16% had no preference. These mixed results suggest caution when developing self-paced courses.

The case describes the fabrication of a unilaterally fixed anterior fiber-reinforced composite bridge in a 14-year-old girl. Using this technique, it is possible to temporarily replace a missing anterior tooth until a definitive restoration can be inserted.

Hereditary enamel defect diseases are regrouped under the name \"Amelogenesis Imperfecta\" (AIH). Both dentitions are affected. Clinical expression is heterogeneous and varies between patients. Mutations responsible for this multigene disease may alter various genes and the inheritance can be either autosomal dominant or recessive, or X-linked. Until now, no therapeutic consensus has emerged for this rare disease.
The purpose of this article was to report treatments of AIH patients from childhood to early adulthood. Treatment of three patients of 3, 8 16 years old are described. Each therapeutic option was discussed according to patients\' age and type of enamel alteration. Paediatric crowns and resin based bonding must be preferred in primary teeth. In permanent teeth, non-invasive or minimally invasive dentistry should be the first choice in order to follow a therapeutic gradient from the less invasive options to prosthodontic treatments.
Functional and aesthetic issues require patients to be treated; this clinical care should be provided as early as possible to enable a harmonious growth of the maxillofacial complex and to prevent pain.