The most prevalent kind of odontogenic cysts is radicular cysts, which usually develop from the epithelial remnants in the periodontal ligament as a result of inflammation that follows pulp necrosis. We report a case of a 49-year-old male patient who complained of painless swelling in the maxillary anterior region, which turned out to be a radicular cyst. Upon clinical examination, a soft, nontender swelling that fluctuated was found. A periapical lesion was found upon radiographic assessment. A radicular cyst was tentatively diagnosed based on clinical and radiological features. The treatment plan included enucleation, restoration of the defect with bone graft, and endodontic therapy with antibiotics. Endodontic therapy was administered after the cystic lesion was surgically removed. The diagnosis of a radicular cyst was validated by histopathological analysis. The significance of a multidisciplinary approach for the successful management of radicular cysts is emphasized in this case report, which also underscores the need for a comprehensive clinical and radiographic evaluation for accurate diagnosis. Prompt identification and suitable intervention are essential to avert possible complications and guarantee successful treatment results.

Radicular cysts are the most common forms of cysts in the jaws. They develop from epithelial residues in the periodontal ligament in response to periapical infection following pulpal necrosis. This condition is typically asymptomatic and mostly affects the tooth\'s apices. It primarily affects non-vital teeth and is characterized by inflammation. Cyst development is the final stage of the inflammatory process after a periapical infection; hence, it often occurs later in life. A cyst in the maxilla can occasionally spread across the maxillary sinus. Radicular cysts can be treated with surgical endodontics, the removal of the problematic tooth, enucleation with primary closure, or marsupialization and enucleation. This case report discusses a successful surgical therapy for an infected radicular cyst.

BACKGROUND: Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is an autosomal dominant multisystemic disorder characterized by the presence of multiple odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), which are a hallmark feature of the syndrome. The treatment of these OKC poses challenges due to their high recurrence rates and the myriad of management options available.
METHODS: We describe here a case of NBCCS diagnosed in an 11-year-old girl who presented with multiple OKC in the jaws. Chest and cranial radiographs showed no abnormalities in the ribs and the cerebral falx, respectively. Cephalometric analysis indicated mandibular retrusion, a skeletal class II relationship, and a convex profile. The treatment approach involved a personalized strategy tailored for each cyst, comprising marsupialization followed by enucleation. This approach aimed to minimize surgical trauma and to reduce the risk of recurrence. The patient underwent regular follow-up appointments, demonstrating successful outcomes with no signs of recurrence or de novo OKC observed over a 32-month period.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should consider lesion characteristics and patient cooperation when determining treatment strategies for the optimization of outcomes for children and adolescents with NBCCS and multiple OKC.

Calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs) exhibit a diverse clinical course, commonly developing between the second and third decades of life, displaying no gender predilection. A 15-year-old female without medical history was under observation for a mixed lesion in the maxilla associated with an impacted tooth. She presented to the emergency department with sudden onset and worsening swelling of the left midface. Radiographic findings in the panoramic radiograph and a CT scan revealed a well-circumscribed mixed lesion localized in the left maxilla, extending into the left maxillary sinus and reaching the orbital floor. After an intercurrent infection of the cyst, the patient was hospitalized, received intravenous antibiotics, and went for surgical intervention under general anesthesia. Lesions that combine histological characteristics of two or more odontogenic tumors or individual cysts in the same location are called hybrid odontogenic lesions. This type of lesion poses a challenge for both pathologists and surgeons, because of its controversial histogenesis and poorly understood clinical evolution. The most common of these lesions are COCs associated with odontoma. Our case represents an exceptionally rare entity among odontogenic cysts.

Dentigerous cysts are the most common type of odontogenic cysts and arise from an unerupted tooth. These cysts have stereotypical radiographic and clinical findings. They can be extremely invasive but rarely present as a life-threatening emergency. This case report describes the stabilization and treatment of a 6-year-old mixed breed dog with a dentigerous cyst with concurrent life-threatening hemorrhage. The dog presented with severe oral hemorrhage from the mandibular artery and required multiple blood transfusions. It was ultimately diagnosed with a dentigerous cyst. Complications from dental issues and potential life-threatening complications, such as this case, can be prevented by routine annual oral examination and full mouth dental radiographs if an unerupted tooth is suspected.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this mixed-case study is to explore the incidence of pulp necrosis of vital teeth after surgical treatment of adjacent lesions of the jaws.
METHODS: The records of 341 biopsies submitted to the institute\'s histopathology laboratory were reviewed to include cases that met the inclusion criteria. About 84 biopsies collected from patients during surgical enucleation of lesions in proximity to healthy vital teeth were included of which 22 patients were recalled. Adjacent teeth were examined clinically and radiographically to assess their pulpal and periapical status after at least 8 months of follow-up.
RESULTS: There were 7 different pathological lesions diagnosed histologically. The follow-up period ranged between 8 and 72 months; 12 cases (54.6%) have developed pulpal necrosis for at least one tooth after surgical enucleation of the lesion. The other 10 cases (45.4%) showed normal responses to sensibility testing for all the teeth adjacent to the lesion. Ten out of the 12 cases (83%) that underwent pulpal necrosis were associated with odontogenic cysts, whereas the remaining 2 were associated with periapical granuloma and fibrous dysplasia.
CONCLUSIONS: Pulp necrosis is high in vital teeth associated with lesions without pulpal involvement. These teeth may benefit from root canal treatment prior to surgical enucleation of the lesion, which may prevent impaired healing or recurrence of infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Careful treatment planning and thorough discussion should take place between the surgeons, endodontists, and patients prior to executing the treatment. The patient should be aware that there is a possibility that they may need root canal treatment as a preventative measure to enhance the chances of healing following the surgical procedures and in case the patients opted not to perform root canal treatment beforehand, close follow-up in the future should take place to monitor the vitality of the teeth in the follow-up visits.

BACKGROUND: Neurofibromas are benign tumors of a neurogenic origin. If these tumors occur without any other signs of neurofibromatosis, they are classified as isolated neurofibromas. Neurofibromas in the oral cavity mostly occur within soft tissues, indicating that solitary intraosseous neurofibromas in the mandible are rare. Due to the absence of specific clinical manifestations, early diagnosis and treatment of these tumors are difficult to achieve.
METHODS: A 37-year-old female patient visited our hospital due to numbness and swelling of the gums in the right lower molar area that had persisted for half a month. The patient\'s overall condition and intraoral examination revealed no significant abnormalities. She was initially diagnosed with a cystic lesion in the right mandible. However, after a more thorough examination, the final pathological diagnosis was confirmed to be neurofibroma. Complete tumor resection and partial removal of the right inferior alveolar nerve were performed. As of writing this report, there have been no signs of tumor recurrence for nine months following the surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: This case report discusses the key features that are useful for differentiating solitary intraosseous neurofibromas from other cystic lesions.

UNASSIGNED: In conclusion, we can focus on histologic features such as stellate reticulum, reverse polarization of basal cell layer nuclei, and luminal lamellated keratinization as distinguishing factors of ameloblastoma and SKCO. If there is any clinically doubt, molecular testing could be helpful.
UNASSIGNED: \"Solid odontogenic keratocyst\" is a rare variant of odontogenic keratocyst, which usually involves mandible. This case was presented as a unique variant of odontogenic keratocyst in an unusual site of left maxilla with extension to the maxillary sinus.

A significant percentage of lesions of endodontic origin require surgical management due to the possible diagnosis of odontogenic cysts and tumors in the maxilla and mandible. Ossifying fibroma is a benign fibro-osseous lesion that typically presents as a painless, slow-growing, and expansile lesion that appears as a well-demarcated lesion with a variable degree of internal calcification on radiography. Treatment results in a large osseous defect, utilization of a graft to fill the void accelerates healing and prevents complications that may result from failure to fill by the host response.
UNASSIGNED: Following endodontic surgery placement of osseous graft material via Guided Tissue Regeneration to fill the defect aids to accelerate fill of the defect on a healthy 26-year-old female patient. A case discussing the one-step treatment of an ossifying fibroma of the anterior part of the mandible following endodontic microsurgery with associated retrograde fill of the apex, then site grating with biphasic calcium sulfate (Bond Apatite®) used in regeneration of the osseous defect related to the lesion and resulting surgery.
UNASSIGNED: Histologically, the ossifying fibroma is dominated by connective tissue containing cell rich areas with a few fragments of fibrosis. Moreover, in the connective tissue numerous small fragments of spongy and compact bone with areas of partial necrosis present and a significant number of inflammatory cells are observed. Surgical removal of the cyst with thorough curettage of the osseous walls and grafting of the defect provides predictable healing and the desired clinical results sought. Utilization of the biphasic calcium sulfate graft material allows the elimination of the need to overlay the area with a membrane before the flap due to its hard set and the prevention of soft tissue ingrowth into the graft material during the healing phase. Additionally, the hard set of the material allows tenting of the area to maintain the desired volume and ridge contour. Conversion of the graft material depending on the volume placed to host bone occurs over a 3-6 month period.
UNASSIGNED: The case report presented, as well as the authors experience mimics the literature on biphasic calcium sulfate in its use as an osseous graft material and is an effective method for the repair of osseous defects that result from the removal of tumors and cysts of the maxilla and mandible. Treatment of an ossifying fibroma is an ideal application of the use of this biphasic calcium sulfate material allowing tenting of the surgical site over the defect created after cyst removal without the need for resorbable collagen membranes. This simplifies its use and decreases material costs that may hamper patient acceptance of treatment without a decrease in expected clinical results.

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