UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to present a case of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) and continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) dual stimulation for the treatment of postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The objective was to provide a referenceable therapy in cases where medication and psychotherapy treatment are not preferred or contraindicated. This case further emphasized the importance of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques in improving the condition of postpartum OCD patients.
UNASSIGNED: A 32-year-old female was diagnosed with OCD 2 months after delivery. The patient refused to take medication and psychotherapy due to concerns that it would interfere with the infant\'s breastfeeding. Subsequently, a 2-week combined iTBS and cTBS treatment was carried out. The patient\'s obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxiety, and depression improved. There were no significant adverse effects during the treatment, and the treatment effect remained 2 weeks after the end of the treatment.
UNASSIGNED: This clinical case provides evidence that the combined iTBS and cTBS treatment can potentially effectively alleviate obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the short term. Notably, this therapeutic approach may offer a promising solution for postpartum OCD patients, as it addresses practical concerns such as medication safety for breastfeeding mothers and the specific needs of this population. To further establish the efficacy of this combined therapy, future randomized controlled trials with large samples and long-term follow-up are warranted to validate its therapeutic potential.

UNASSIGNED: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulties in controlling intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and undesired actions (tics), respectively. Both conditions have been associated with abnormal inhibition but a tangible deficit of inhibitory control abilities is controversial in GTS.
UNASSIGNED: Here, we examined a 25 years-old male patient with severe OCD symptoms and a mild form of GTS, where impairments in motor control were central. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) to elicit motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) during four experimental sessions, allowing us to assess the excitability of motor intracortical circuitry at rest as well as the degree of MEP suppression during action preparation, a phenomenon thought to regulate movement initiation.
UNASSIGNED: When tested for the first time, the patient presented a decent level of MEP suppression during action preparation, but he exhibited a lack of intracortical inhibition at rest, as evidenced by reduced short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI). Interestingly, the patient\'s symptomatology drastically improved over the course of the sessions (reduced obsessions and tics), coinciding with feedback given on his good motor control abilities. These changes were reflected in the TMS measurements, with a significant strengthening of intracortical inhibition (SICI and LICI more pronounced than previously) and a more selective tuning of MEPs during action preparation; MEPs became even more suppressed, or selectively facilitated depending on the behavioral condition in which they we probed.
UNASSIGNED: This study highlights the importance of better understanding motor inhibitory mechanisms in neurodevelopmental disorders and suggests a biofeedback approach as a potential novel treatment.

Polyembolokoilamania is a condition seen in a medical or surgical emergencies where the person, sometimes repetitively, inserts various foreign bodies through body orifices or skin to obtain gratification often associated with background psychiatric diagnoses. We present three cases where one patient with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) presented with urethral polyembolokoilamania, one with Excoriation disorder presented with multiple pin-piercing behavior through the skin and one case of OCD presented with anal polyembolokoilamania. Treatment of the underlying Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders curbed such behaviors successfully in all three cases emphasizing the importance of treating background psychiatric disorders in such conditions.

UNASSIGNED: Young Jewish Ultra-Orthodox women usually show less disturbances in body image and eating in comparison to less religious communities. By contrast, problems with eating are highly unknown and unrecognized in Jewish Ultra-Orthodox males.
UNASSIGNED: To investigate whether in Ultra-Orthodox males, restricting-type AN (AN-R) with highly obsessional physical activity and unspecified restricting eating disorder (ED) in the context of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) would lead to severe physical and emotional morbidity.
UNASSIGNED: The study included two groups: the first, 3 adolescents with AN-R developing severely increased ritualized obsessional physical activity in addition to restricting eating, requiring inpatient treatment because of severe bradycardia. These youngsters ignored the severity of their obsessional physical activity, continuing with it in hospital despite their grave medical condition. One student began extensive training for triathlon, whereas another student, upon remitting from AN, developed severe muscle dysmorphia. These findings suggest that young Ultra-Orthodox males with AN may develop obsessional physical activity to increase their muscle mass rather than to lose weight Another four Jewish Ultra-Orthodox males developed malnutrition in the context of severe OCD, with no evidence of dieting or body-image disturbances. These individuals developed highly obsessional adherence to different Jewish religious rules, including prolonged praying, asceticism, and overvalued strict adherence to Jewish Kashrut rules of eating, leading in all cases to severe food restriction. They were highly unaware of their severe weight loss and required hospitalization because of severe physical disturbances associated with malnutrition. Moreover, most did not cooperate with their treatment, and their ED-related obsessionality was mostly resistant to psychopharmacotherapy.
UNASSIGNED: Owing to their highly ritualistic rigid way of life, combined with the need for excellency in studying, Jewish Ultra-Orthodox adolescent males with AN might be at a specific risk of developing severe physical disturbances if their illness is associated with highly perfectionistic obsessional physical activity. Second, Jewish Ultra-Orthodox religious males with OCD might be at a specific risk for severe undernutrition, as their rigid relentless observance of Jewish everyday laws might highly interfere with their eating.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common and chronic psychiatric disorder with significant morbidity characterized by intrusive, uncontrollable and reoccurring thoughts (i.e., obsessions) and/or ritualistic behaviours (i.e., compulsions). Conradi-Hünerman-Happle Syndrome (CHHS) is a rare inherited X-linked dominant variant of chondrodysplasia punctata, a heterogeneous group of rare bone dysplasias characterized by punctate epiphyseal calcifications of complex etiology and pathophysiology that remain to be defined. Available literature reveals a lacuna in regards to the coexistence of the entities with no clinical reports described.
A 12 year old female patient with diagnosis of CHHS, presents to psychiatric consultation due to aggravation of her OCD clinical picture, with aggravation of hand-washing frequency during the Covid-19 pandemic with significant functional impact. Psychopharmacological treatment aimed at OCD with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) and antipsychotic was instituted with favourable, albeit partial response.
The authors aim to describe a clinical case in which the patient presents with Conradi-Hünerman-Happle Syndrome and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Clinical descriptions of CHHS and OCD are not available in the literature. Through this case description the authors aim to present a rare case as well as discuss an eventual association between etiology and/or pathophysiology of the two disorders.

UNASSIGNED: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves different organs and clinical presentations varying from respiratory symptoms to gastrointestinal symptoms and neurological symptoms. Another group of symptoms are psychiatric symptoms and according to a study, 53.8% of participants reported various degrees of these symptoms.
UNASSIGNED: In this study, we presented six cases with sudden onset OCD or exacerbation of the previously controlled OCD concomitant with COVID-19 symptoms.
UNASSIGNED: Obsessive compulsive symptoms can be the presenting manifestation of COVID-19.
UNASSIGNED: The neuropsychiatric manifestations may be resulted from central nervous system (CNS) infiltration, and dysregulation of inflammatory factors autoimmune responses.

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder involving predominantly the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loop. Although it is usually associated with various disorders of basal ganglia and thalamus, it is difficult to say what kind of impairment causes this situation exactly. Structural brain lesions may be one of the rare causes of refractory psychiatric symptoms. Analysis of such type of cases gives an idea about the neurobiology of psychiatric diseases. In this manuscript, we presented a case of refractory OCD with symptoms regressing after thalamic infarction and discussed with relevant literature.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective for patients with treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is present in up to a third of all patients with OCD, but it is unknown whether effectiveness of DBS for OCD also applies for patients with comorbid ASD. The present case series is the first to examine effectiveness on OCD symptoms and safety of DBS in patients with OCD and ASD specifically.
Six consecutive patients with treatment-refractory OCD and comorbid ASD received DBS of the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule (vALIC) or medial forebrain bundle (MFB). We examined effectiveness of DBS on symptoms of OCD and depression with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), respectively. We included qualitative data to describe the course of treatment in individual patients with OCD and ASD.
We found that DBS significantly decreased symptoms of OCD (p < .001) and depression (p = .007). Four out of six patients with OCD and comorbid ASD were responders (decrease ≥ 35% in Y-BOCS), one patient was partial-responder (decrease 25-35% in Y-BOCS) and one patient did not respond (decrease ≤ 25% in Y-BOCS). Serious adverse events were an infection of the DBS system, and a suicide attempt.
Though present results are preliminary, DBS reduced symptoms of OCD and depression in patients with OCD and comorbid ASD. Comorbid ASD should therefore not be seen as a contra-indication for DBS in OCD.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe psychiatric disorder, which can be associated with music-related symptoms. Music may also be used as an adjunct treatment for OCD. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic literature review exploring the relationship between music and OCD by using three online databases: PubMed, the Web of Science, and PsycINFO. The search terms were \"obsessive compulsive disorder\", \"OCD\", \"music\", and \"music therapy\". A total of 27 articles were utilised (n = 650 patients/study participants) and grouped into three categories. The first category comprised case reports of patients with musical obsessions in patients with OCD. Most patients were treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or a combination of an SSRI and another pharmacological or a non-pharmacological treatment, with variable success. Studies on the music perception of people with OCD or obsessive-compulsive personality traits represented the second category. People with OCD or obsessive-compulsive personality traits seem to be more sensitive to tense music and were found to have an increased desire for harmony in music. Three small studies on music therapy in people with OCD constituted the third category. These studies suggest that patients with OCD might benefit from music therapy, which includes listening to music.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric condition that is associated with considerable morbidity, and ~90% of individuals with OCD have another psychiatric comorbidity. Patients with comorbid OCD and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) have limited insight and poor psychosocial function, respond poorly to drug treatment, and have an increased risk of suicide. Modified electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been attempted to improve symptoms of OCD when drug treatment does not have a satisfactory effect. This report describes a patient who had OCD comorbid with BDD that was successfully treated with modified ECT. Although the mechanism of its effect is unclear, modified ECT may be an alternative treatment for patients with comorbid OCD and BDD. Its efficacy and mechanism of action require further investigation in a large sample of patients with these comorbid disorders.