Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) is an environmental concern in olive oil producers\' regions due to its use in agricultural soils as an organic amendment. However, OMW can also be used as organic fertilizer due to their high organic matter and nutrient levels, but its use, when it occurs without environmental management, can cause serious environmental implications for soils and waters. This work evaluated the impact of different OMW levels on a set of physicochemical parameters from an agricultural vertisol where wheat grew (Triticum aestivum L var. Douma 1). A set of physicochemical parameters were conducted before adding different levels of OMW (0, 5, 10 and 15 L m-2) at two soil depths (0-30 and 30-60 cm) and for the two growing seasons to determine: i) the effect of OMW treatments on the studied physicochemical soil properties (bulk density, soil porosity, soil pH, electrical conductivity and organic matter), ii) available primary (N, P, K) and secondary macronutrients (Ca, Mg and Na), ii) micronutrients (Cu Fe, Mn and Zn), and iv) available heavy metals (Cd and Pb). The results indicated that soil physicochemical parameters were slightly improved, mainly due to improvement in organic matter, macro- and micronutrients, usually proportionally to the olive mill wastewater dose. Cadmium and Pb were within the permissible limits. The increased OMW had different behaviour on the soil nutritional balances of different elements, leading to nutrient imbalances, although in some cases, they were improved. However, the plant growth was not affected, and it was improved under 10 L m-2 and 15 L m-2 doses. The results offer valuable data about the use of OMW as organic fertilizer for crops and their potential impact on soil properties.

BACKGROUND: Enhancement of lipid accumulation is the major strategy to improve the commercial feasibility of microalgae as a source for biodiesel production. Pseudochlorella pringsheimii (Formally was named as Chlorella ellipsoidea) green microalgae strain was chosen with respect to their ability as a potential source to produce high lipids content, could be used for the production of biofuel, which can be an alternative renewable energy source instead of fossil fuels.
RESULTS: Initially, the Pseudochlorella pringsheimii microalgae was evaluated on the basis of tested at Lab scales 2 L by applicable different nutrient individual of N, P, Fe conditions in BBM medium concentrations for choosing the best concentrations induce lipid contents and productivity to cultivate in large scale in the 2000 L PBR. The suitable concentrations of nutrients with highest lipid contents were obtained under deficient of nitrogen (1.25 gL-1, limited N) and phosphorus (0.1 mg L-1, limited P) coupled with high iron concentration (10 mg L, rich Fe) and CO2 (6%). Therefore, their collective of nutrients was applied to culture of microalgae cells at large scale in 2000 L photobioreactor (PBR model), which, this techniques was used to quantify high lipid contents (25% w/w) and high lipid productivity (74.07 mgL-1 day-1). The inducted lipid conversion to biodiesel via transestrification process was 91.54 ± 1.43%. The fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs profile by means of GC/MS resulted in C16:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 as a main constituents. With regard to physical-chemical property (such as density, kinematic viscosity, gravity, and certain number), the Pseudochlorella pringsheimii biodiesel have biofuel properties, in accordance with appropriate biodiesel properties, as ASTM and EU standards, that thereby referring to high quality biodiesel.
CONCLUSIONS: Pseudochlorella pringsheimii cultured in large scale in photobioreactor under stress condition have a high potential of lipids production with high quality of FAMEs that can be used as a promising biodiesel fuel. It has also a potential to be applied for commercialization based on the techno-economic and environmental impacts.

BACKGROUND: Limited evidence is available to describe the prevalence, causes, and consequences of zinc and vitamin B6 deficiencies in those with acutely exacerbated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Zinc is important for immune function and wound healing, and B6 is needed for metabolic and neurological function. Patients with IBD are at risk of micronutrient deficiencies, particularly during flares.
UNASSIGNED: The cases of 2 patients with IBD exacerbations were reviewed in which deficiencies of both zinc and vitamin B6 were identified.
CONCLUSIONS: These cases highlight the need for increased screening for zinc and pyridoxine deficiencies in IBD population, especially during disease exacerbation. Therefore, we recommend a comprehensive nutrition workup with physical exam, diet history, and a complete micronutrient panel while ruling out contributing factors. If patients are susceptible to deficiencies during flares, prophylactic oral zinc and pyridoxine supplementation may be considered, with close monitoring for subsequent iron and copper deficiencies.

The demographics, weight statuses, and dietary patterns of people with autism or the broad autism phenotype who experience a severe nutrient deficiency disease due to symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder have not been well established.
The primary objective of this review was to examine the relationship between the demographics, weight statuses, dietary patterns, and nutrient deficiency diseases that characterize the most severe manifestations of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder symptomology associated with autism or the broad autism phenotype.
A systematic review of English and non-English articles published up to August 29, 2019, on the Scopus, PubMed, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus electronic databases was conducted. Additional cases were identified through the reference list of all included articles. The search terms used were \"autis∗ AND (deficiency OR scurvy)\". Only case reports or case series in which a person of any age who had been identified as having a formal diagnosis of autism or autism symptoms and a disease of nutritional deficiency due to self-imposed dietary restrictions were included. Data were independently extracted by 8 authors using predefined data fields.
A total of 76 cases (patients were aged 2.5 to 17 years) from 63 articles that were published from 1993 through 2019 were found. More than 85% cases (65 of 76 patients) were from articles published in the past 10 years. The largest percentage of published cases (69.7% [53 of 76]) involved scurvy, a vitamin C deficiency. The second-largest percentage of published cases (17.1% [13 of 76]) involved eye disorders secondary to vitamin A deficiency. Other primary nutrient deficiencies reported were thiamin, vitamin B-12, and vitamin D. In 62.9% (22 of 35) of the patients for which a body mass index or a weight percentile for age was provided, the patient was within normal weight parameters, per Centers for Disease Control weight status categories.
Based on the 63 articles extracted for this systematic review, nutritional deficiency diseases related to inadequate intakes of vitamin A, thiamin, vitamin B-12, vitamin C, and vitamin D were found in individuals with autism and the broad autism phenotype who had severe self-imposed dietary restrictions. When weight information was provided, most of the youth in these cases were not reported to be underweight. Individuals of any weight who present with symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder can benefit from early and frequent screening for adequacy of micronutrient intake, regardless of whether they have a clinical diagnosis of autism.

Numerous cases of scurvy secondary to diet limitations have been reported in the literature with most being boys with special needs. To date, the focus of the literature describing vitamin C deficiency has been the medical sequelae of the deficiency. There has been little attention given underlying diet limitations causing the vitamin C deficiency.
A five-year-old female with typical development initially presented with rash, then later for pain in both lower extremities. After evaluation revealed vitamin C deficiency, she was admitted into an intensive day treatment feeding program. A feeding assessment found she had life-long problems with eating and had a diet that never exceeded ten foods. Across the course of treatment, she learned to eat 29 new foods. At six-month follow-up her body mass index had increased from the 1st to the 61st percentile. At one-year follow-up her body mass index was at the 85th percentile. All sequalae of her deficiency resolved.
This case is unusual as most reported studies describe males with special needs. The severity of her eating issues suggest providers may consider referral to allied health professionals to address diet limitations for both children identified with nutrient deficiencies as well as children whose selective eating places them at risk for nutritional deficiencies or problems with growth. The child we described was anemic, like 42% of children described in the case literature on scurvy and like 32% of the children in this literature, our patient was underweight. In the literature, comorbid nutrient deficiencies were reported in 22% of the scurvy case studies. We suggest vitamin C supplementation is a necessary component for addressing vitamin C deficiency, but insufficient for addressing the diet limitations causing the nutrient deficiency.