背景:亲密伴侣暴力和虐待(IPVA)包括控制行为,心理,物理,性虐待和财务虐待。全球范围内,调查和紧急服务记录了IPVA的增加,因为限制了COVID-19的传播。大多数研究只包括异性恋女性。
方法:来自全球药物调查的数据(年度,匿名,收集药物使用数据的在线调查)分析了特别版,以探讨COVID-19对人们生活的影响,包括他们的亲密关系。使用受访者的生活性别认同创建了五个关系分组:女性与男性合作(46.9%),女性与女性合作(2.1%),男性与男性合作(2.9%),男性与女性合作(47.2%),和伙伴关系,其中一个或两个合作伙伴是非二进制(1%)。描述了在2020年(2月)和COVID-19限制之前(5月或6月)的过去30天内(N=35,854)的IPVA的自我报告经验和行为,并使用Fishers精确测试比较了不同的关系分组。使用多变量逻辑回归评估限制期间IPVA的变化。
结果:在限制期间,17.8%和16.6%的受访者分别经历或实施了IPVA;38.2%的幸存者和37.6%的肇事者报告说,在限制期间,这种情况有所增加。与其他关系组相比,非二元受访者或非二元伴侣的受访者报告经历或实施IPVA(p<.001)的比例更高。22.0%的受访者是非二进制或有非二进制伴侣,19.5%的男性与男性合作,18.9%的男性与女性合作,17.1%的女性与女性合作,16.6%的女性与男性合作,报告经历过IPVA。心理困扰较高的受访者,应对与大流行相关的变化不力,关系紧张和酒精消耗的变化(增加或增加和减少)报告了限制期间IPVA的经验增加。
结论:这项研究证实,IPVA可以发生在所有亲密关系中,无论犯罪者或幸存者的性别。非二元受访者或具有非二元合作伙伴的受访者报告了IPVA的最高使用和经验。大多数IPVA受害者支持服务都是为异性恋者设计的,顺式女性。IPVA支持服务和肇事者计划必须量身定制,以支持大流行期间及之后的所有肇事者和幸存者,不管他们的性别或性别认同。
Intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) includes controlling behaviours, psychological, physical, sexual and financial abuse. Globally, surveys and emergency services have recorded an increase in IPVA since restrictions were imposed to limit COVID-19 transmission. Most studies have only included heterosexual women.
Data from the Global Drug Survey (an annual, anonymous, online survey collecting data on drug use) Special Edition were analysed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on people\'s lives, including their intimate relationships. Five relationship groupings were created using respondents\' lived gender identity: women partnered with men (46.9%), women partnered with women (2.1%), men partnered with men (2.9%), men partnered with women (47.2%), and partnerships where one or both partners were non-binary (1%). Self-reported experience and perpetration of IPVA in the past 30 days before (February) and during COVID-19 restrictions (May or June) in 2020 (N = 35,854) was described and compared for different relationship groupings using Fishers Exact Tests. Changes in IPVA during restrictions were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.
During restrictions, 17.8 and 16.6% of respondents had experienced or perpetrated IPVA respectively; 38.2% of survivors and 37.6% of perpetrators reported this had increased during restrictions. Greater proportions of non-binary respondents or respondents with a non-binary partner reported experiencing or perpetrating IPVA (p < .001) than other relationship groupings. 22.0% of respondents who were non-binary or had a non-binary partner, 19.5% of men partnered with men, 18.9% of men partnered with women, 17.1% of women partnered with women and 16.6% of women partnered with men reported experiencing IPVA. Respondents with higher psychological distress, poor coping with pandemic-related changes, relationship tension and changes (increases or increases and decreases) in alcohol consumption reported increased experience of IPVA during restrictions.
This
study confirmed that IPVA can occur in all intimate relationships, regardless of gender of the perpetrator or survivor. Non-binary respondents or respondents with non-binary partners reported the highest use and experience of IPVA. Most IPVA victim support services have been designed for heterosexual, cisgender women. IPVA support services and perpetrator programmes must be tailored to support all perpetrators and survivors during the pandemic and beyond, regardless of their sexual or gender identity.