可靠的证据表明,精神分裂症患者在接受情绪中性刺激时往往会出现负面情绪。同样,几项功能性神经影像学研究表明,精神分裂症患者对中性物质的反应激活增加。然而,结果是异质的。这里,我们回顾了解决这一研究问题的功能神经影像学研究.根据我们检索到的36项功能神经影像学研究,似乎大脑对中性刺激的反应性增加在精神分裂症中相当普遍,但是所涉及的地区差异很大,除了杏仁核.前额叶和扣带回亚区域以及海马也可能涉及。对比之下,有精神病风险的个体的结果不太一致。在精神分裂症患者中,在使用非面部刺激的研究中,结果不太一致,显式处理范例,和/或事件相关的设计。这意味着人脸可以传达微妙的信息(例如,可信度),而不是基本的情感表达。这也意味着,当实验范式对认知要求过高以及缺乏统计能力的研究时,对中性刺激的异常大脑反应性不太可能发生。为解释这种对中性刺激的大脑反应性增加而提出的主要假设是精神病的异常显着性假设。其他研究人员提出,精神分裂症患者对中性刺激的异常大脑反应性是由异常联想学习引起的,不可信的判断,启动效果,和/或减少对中性刺激的习惯。在未来,抗精神病药物对这种异常大脑反应性的影响需要确定,以及性别/性别的潜在含义。
Reliable evidence shows that schizophrenia patients tend to experience negative emotions when presented with emotionally
neutral stimuli. Similarly, several functional neuroimaging studies show that schizophrenia patients have increased activations in response to
neutral material. However, results are heterogeneous. Here, we
review the functional neuroimaging studies that have addressed this research question. Based on the 36 functional neuroimaging studies that we retrieved, it seems that the increased brain reactivity to
neutral stimuli is fairly common in schizophrenia, but that the regions involved vary considerably, apart from the amygdala. Prefrontal and cingulate sub-regions and the hippocampus may also be involved. By contrasts, results in individuals at risk for psychosis are less consistent. In schizophrenia patients, results are less consistent in the case of studies using non-facial stimuli, explicit processing paradigms, and/or event-related designs. This means that human faces may convey subtle information (e.g., trustworthiness) other than basic emotional expressions. It also means that the aberrant brain reactivity to neutral stimuli is less likely to occur when experimental paradigms are too cognitively demanding as well as in studies lacking statistical power. The main hypothesis proposed to account for this increased brain reactivity to
neutral stimuli is the aberrant salience hypothesis of psychosis. Other investigators propose that the aberrant brain reactivity to neutral stimuli in schizophrenia results from abnormal associative learning, untrustworthiness judgments, priming effects, and/or reduced habituation to neutral stimuli. In the future, the effects of antipsychotics on this aberrant brain reactivity will need to be determined, as well as the potential implication of sex/gender.