OBJECTIVE: Benign triton tumors (BTTs) in the pediatric population are extremely rare occurrences. Paucity of data on BTTs poses both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly when found intracranially.
METHODS: A case report of a 10-year-old male diagnosed with incidental maxillary trigeminal (V2) BTT is presented. We discuss radiographic and histopathological interpretations. Furthermore, we provide a brief review of current literature and historical background on pediatric trigeminal BTT diagnosis, histopathology, and management.
RESULTS: Successful gross total resection of the tumor was achieved via Dolenc approach to the cavernous sinus. Management options with consideration of outcomes from the few prior cases reported in the literature are presented.
CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of trigeminal nerve tumors requires a broad differential diagnosis and understanding rare tumors is essential in the diagnosis and treatment algorithm.

Neuromuscular choristomas are rare tumors with mature skeletal muscle elements admixed with neural elements. Follow-up results are limited, the natural history of neuromuscular choristomas is poorly understood. To date, 14 cases of sciatic nerve neuromuscular choristomas have been reported, but follow-up results were provided only for 10 cases (median duration: 2 years). The natural history of neuromuscular choristomas is therefore poorly understood due to lack of longitudinal data. We describe a case with long-term natural history for 17 years of the disease and provide a literature review of the reported cases. A 6 year old girl, with a 6 year history of left buttock mass with neonatal pathologic diagnosis of neuromusculoar choristoma, presented with intermittent left lower extremity weakness in July 2006. She had a left buttock mass for 6 years, and the neonatal pathologic diagnosis was neuromuscular choristoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed fusiform enlargement of the left sciatic nerve with mild enhancement similar to that of the muscle. The pathology of a re-biopsy sample was also consistent with neuromuscular. choristoma. In follow up, the mass increased slightly, but MRI findings remained consistent, and her condition remained stable for 11 years after re-biopsy. Aggressive fibrosis known as complication by manipulation of neuromuscular choristoma was also not developed. The patient has been followed up for a total of 17 years and this is the only case of long-term natural history of neuromuscular choristoma.

A 24-year-old male presented with eight months of increasingly severe frontal headaches, decreased right facial sensation, and periodic vertigo. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a heterogeneously contrast-enhancing mass involving and expanding the right foramen ovale.  A biopsy of the lesion was performed, and the final pathologic diagnosis revealed a neoplastic rhabdomyoma. To date, only five cases of intracranial rhabdomyoma have been reported, and a rhabdomyoma involving the trigeminal nerve has never been described in an adult. This manuscript reviews the available literature and highlights the clinical, imaging, pathologic characteristics, and surgical management of these exceedingly rare lesions.

BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular hamartomas are rare benign tumors with mature skeletal elements mixed with mature neural elements. They present typically as solitary lesions in childhood and have been reported to be associated with cranial nerves or large peripheral nerves such as the brachial plexus, median nerve, and sciatic nerve. To date, eight cases of sciatic nerve neuromuscular hamartomas have been reported. We present a case along with an outline for the natural history of the disease with a review of the literature of the reported cases dating back to 1895.
METHODS: An 11-year-old boy presented with progressive right lower extremity pain and atrophy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large right sciatic nerve mass, and electromyography demonstrated evidence of ongoing denervation and reinnervation. Initial computed tomography-guided biopsy was unrevealing and subsequent open biopsy was consistent with neuromuscular choristoma.
CONCLUSIONS: Neuromuscular choristomas represent a rare disease. Symptoms of foot deformity, leg size discrepancy, and pain merit a complete work-up including spinal and peripheral nerve etiologies.