Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a common ophthalmic disease in children with a high incidence. The main clinical manifestation is persistent epiphora soon after birth, sometimes accompanied by an abscess. At present, the treatment methods used include conservative treatment and surgical treatment, but there exist some problems, such as improper surgical indications and non-standard surgical operation. In view of this, the Oculoplastic and Orbital Disease Group of Chinese Ophthalmological Society of Chinese Medical Association has reached a consensus after full discussion, in order to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in China. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 814-818).
先天性鼻泪管阻塞是小儿眼科常见疾病，发病率较高，主要临床表现为患儿出生后不久出现持续性溢泪，可伴有溢脓。治疗方法包括保守治疗和手术治疗，目前临床存在治疗方法选择不当等问题，如手术指征把握不准、手术操作不规范等。鉴于此，中华医学会眼科学分会眼整形眼眶病学组经过充分讨论，针对先天性鼻泪管阻塞的诊疗达成共识性意见，以期规范我国相关临床工作，提高临床诊疗水平。（中华眼科杂志，2021，57：814-818）.

To facilitate identification of the nasolacrimal duct during intranasal surgery, we have determined the distances between the lacrimal drainage system and certain anatomical structures on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. A total of 15 adult cadaver skulls were bisected mid-sagittally and evaluated morphometrically. In our specimens, the average distance from the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus to the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) was only 5.5 mm. This rather small distance should be taken into consideration, in order to prevent trauma of the NLD during surgical enlargement of the ostium of the maxillary sinus. The distances from NLD to the anterior surface of the bulla ethmoidalis, the free edge of the uncinate process and the attachment point of the middle turbinate on the lateral nasal wall were found to be 10.2 mm, 8.8 mm and 5.4 mm, respectively. Taking these distances into account, easy identification of the NLD during endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy surgery will be possible.

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