估计鲸目动物与渔业活动的相互作用具有挑战性。副渔获物和慢性纠缠每年造成全球数千例鲸目动物死亡。这项研究是对加那利群岛搁浅鲸目动物的渔业相互作用进行事后调查的第一个系统方法。我们回顾性研究了2000年1月至2018年12月的586例尸检病例。在已知死因的病例中,7.4%(32/453)是由于渔业相互作用，大西洋斑点海豚（Stenellafrontalis）是受影响最大的物种[46.9％（15/32）]。总体发现确认了三种类型的渔业相互作用：副渔获物[65.6%(21/32)]，慢性缠结[18.8%(6/32)]，和渔民侵略[15.6%(5/32)]。在被抓的案件中，我们区分了因摄入延绳钓钩而死亡的海豚[23.8%(5/21)]和因渔网截留而死亡的海豚[76.2%(16/21)]，包括可能由于超急性水下诱捕（PUE）[37.5％（6/16）]而在深处死亡的海豚，被活活拖出并在处理过程中遭受额外创伤的海豚[43.8%(7/16)]，以及那些活着被释放但因渔业相互作用而搁浅并死亡的人[18.7％（3/16）]。呈现并比较各组动物的总体和组织学发现。组织学方法证实了大体病变，并排除了其他可能的死亡原因。良好的身体条件和浅层潜水物种的鲸目动物受渔业相互作用的影响更大，与文献一致。已经描述了低渔业互动率，与其他地区相比。然而,在过去的几年里，目击纠缠的活鲸，尤其是小须鲸（Balaenopteraacutorostrata）和布莱德的鲸鱼（B.edeni),增加了。这项研究有助于进一步改善对不同类型渔业相互作用的评估，并可能有助于执行未来的保护政策，以保护加那利群岛的鲸类种群。
Estimating cetacean interactions with fishery activities is challenging. Bycatch and chronic entanglements are responsible for thousands of cetacean deaths per year globally. This
study represents the first systematic approach to the postmortem investigation of fishery interactions in stranded cetaceans in the Canary Islands. We retrospectively studied 586 cases necropsied between January 2000 and December 2018. Of the cases with a known cause of death, 7.4% (32/453) were due to fishery interactions, and the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) was the most affected species [46.9% (15/32)]. Three types of fishery interactions were recognized by gross findings: bycatch [65.6% (21/32)], chronic entanglements [18.8% (6/32)], and fishermen aggression [15.6% (5/32)]. Among the bycaught cases, we differentiated the dolphins that died because of ingestion of longline hooks [23.8% (5/21)] from those that died because of fishing net entrapments [76.2% (16/21)], including dolphins that presumably died at depth due to peracute underwater entrapment (PUE) [37.5% (6/16)], dolphins that were hauled out alive and suffered additional trauma during handling [43.8% (7/16)], and those that were released alive but became stranded and died because of fishery interactions [18.7% (3/16)]. Gross and histologic findings of animals in each group were presented and compared. The histological approach confirmed gross lesions and excluded other possible causes of death. Cetaceans in good-fair body condition and shallow diving species were significantly more affected by fishery interactions, in agreement with the literature. Low rates of fishery interactions have been described, compared with other regions. However, within the last few years, sightings of entangled live whales, especially the minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and Bryde\'s whale (B. edeni), have increased. This
study contributes to further improvement of the evaluation of different types of fishery interactions and may facilitate the enforcement of future conservation policies to preserve cetacean populations in the Canary Islands.
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