烧伤是世界上最常见的外伤之一,代表全球公共卫生问题。严重烧伤(严重烧伤或烧伤疾病)是最危及生命的伤害之一。非常需要识别和监测并发症的发展(脓毒症和脓毒性休克,烧伤患者的凝血病和DIC)。烧伤的发病机理的基础,以及任何一般的病理过程,是一种炎症反应,最终旨在恢复受损组织的结构和功能。烧伤中的炎症反应的特征是皮肤和粘膜的改变规模。本文综述了烧伤免疫发病机制的主要方面和烧伤后免疫功能障碍的特征。表现为先天和适应性免疫系统的紊乱。注意力集中在烧伤中发生全身和局部疾病的免疫发病机制中的作用。还讨论了淋巴细胞的次要亚群的作用(Treg-,Th-17-,γδT细胞)在免疫发病机理和细菌感染保护中。烧伤的主要免疫生化标志物(细胞因子和生长因子,一氧化氮,基质金属蛋白酶,细菌浓度水平)存在。显示了这些生物标志物在评估烧伤和伤口愈合过程患者的严重程度中的预后作用。该评论是使用RSCI,WebofScience,PubMed,Scopus和GoogleScholar(截至2022年3月)。从数据库获取所有报告后,对论文进行了仔细分析,以找到与本综述主题相关的数据(60篇参考文献)。
Burns are one of the most common traumatic injuries in the world, representing a global public health problem. Major burns (severe burn injury or burn disease) are one of the most life-threatening injuries. There is a great need to identify and monitor the development of complications (sepsis and septic shock, coagulopathy and DIC) in burned patients. The basis of the pathogenesis of burn injury, as well as any general pathological process, is an inflammatory reaction, ultimately aimed at restoring the structure and function of the damaged tissue. A feature of the inflammatory reaction in burn injury is the scale of alteration of the skin and mucous membranes. The
review presents the main aspects of the burn injuries immunopathogenesis and the features of post-burn immune dysfunction, manifested by disorders in the innate and adaptive immunity systems. Attention is focused on the role in the immunopathogenesis of developing systemic and local disorders in burn injury. Also the role are discussed of a minor subpopulations of lymphocytes (Treg-, Th-17-, γδT-cells) in the immunopathogenesis and in the bacterial infection protection. The characteristics of the main immuno-biochemical markers of burn injury (cytokines and growth factors, nitric oxide, matrix metalloproteases, bacteria concentration levels) are present. The prognostic role of these biomarkers in assessing of the severity degree of patients with burn injury and wound healing processes is shown. The
review has been compiled using references from major databases such as RSCI, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar (up to march 2022). After obtaining all reports from database, the papers were carefully analyzed in order to find data related to the topic of this
review (60 references).