随着新变种的出现,2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)病例在美国继续激增。全州范围内实施风险缓解策略的可变性和不一致性普遍存在,特别是在执行口罩授权和鼓励公众全面接种疫苗方面。
这是一项于2021年7月31日进行的横断面研究,利用威斯康星州卫生服务部的公开数据。作者提取了COVID-19相关病例总数的数据,住院治疗,和威斯康星州的死亡。主要目标是比较COVID-19相关病例总数,住院治疗,在31天期间(2021年7月),威斯康星州接种疫苗的人与未接种疫苗的人的死亡人数。此外,我们还根据口罩使用情况和疫苗接种情况,对COVID-19相关结局的文献进行了叙述性综述.
在2021年7月的威斯康星州,COVID-19病例总数为每100,000名完全接种疫苗的人中有125.4例,而每100,000名未完全接种疫苗的人中有369.2例(比值比[OR]=0.34,95%置信区间[CI],0.33-0.35;P<.001)。COVID-19住院总数为每100,000名完全接种疫苗的人中有4.9人,而未完全接种疫苗的人中有18.2人(OR=0.27,98%CI,0.22-0.32;P<.001)。COVID-19死亡总数为每100,000名完全接种疫苗的人中有0.1人,而未完全接种疫苗的人中有1.1人(OR=0.09,95%CI,0.03-0.29;P<.001)。对文献的叙事回顾表明,疫苗对预防COVID-19感染的有效性很高(在完全接种疫苗的人群中占79%-100%),与COVID-19相关的住院治疗(在完全接种疫苗的人群中占87%-98%),和COVID-19相关死亡(在完全接种疫苗的人群中,96.7%-98%)。研究还普遍报道,使用口罩与预防COVID-19感染的有效性增加≤70%有关。
严格遵守公共口罩使用和完全接种疫苗的状态与COVID-19相关结果的改善有关,并可以减轻传播,发病率,和COVID-19的死亡率。麻醉师和重症医师应在其方法和患者管理中遵守循证指南,以帮助减轻传播。
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases continue to surge in the United States with the emergence of new variants. Statewide variability and inconsistency in implementing risk mitigation strategies are widespread, particularly in regards to enforcing mask mandates and encouraging the public to become fully vaccinated.
This is a cross-sectional study conducted on July 31, 2021, utilizing publicly available data from the Wisconsin Department of Health Services. The authors abstracted data on total COVID-19-related cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in the state of Wisconsin. The primary objective was comparison of total COVID-19-related cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in vaccinated versus unvaccinated people in the state of Wisconsin over a 31-day period (July 2021). Furthermore, we also performed a narrative
review of the literature on COVID-19-related outcomes based on mask use and vaccination status.
In the state of Wisconsin during July 2021, total COVID-19 cases was 125.4 per 100,000 fully vaccinated people versus 369.2 per 100,000 not fully vaccinated people (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.35; P < .001). Total COVID-19 hospitalizations was 4.9 per 100,000 fully vaccinated people versus 18.2 per 100,000 not fully vaccinated people (OR = 0.27, 98% CI, 0.22-0.32; P < .001). Total COVID-19 deaths was 0.1 per 100,000 fully vaccinated people versus 1.1 per 100,000 not fully vaccinated people (OR = 0.09, 95% CI, 0.03-0.29; P < .001). Narrative
review of the literature demonstrated high vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 infection prevention (79%-100% among fully vaccinated people), COVID-19-related hospitalization (87%-98% among fully vaccinated people), and COVID-19-related death (96.7%-98% among fully vaccinated people). Studies have also generally reported that mask use was associated with increased effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 infection ≤70%.
Strict adherence to public mask use and fully vaccinated status are associated with improved COVID-19-related outcomes and can mitigate the spread, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19. Anesthesiologists and intensivists should adhere to evidence-based guidelines in their approach and management of patients to help mitigate spread.