UNASSIGNED: Mammary hamartoma are rare neoplasms of the breast. Myoid mammary hamartoma are a subtype comprising of prominent smooth muscle component along with normal breast tissue components including fibrous, adipose, and glandular tissue. We report the case of a 38-year-old lady who presented with a large 21 × 15 cm, firm, mobile lump in right breast, clinically mimicking as phyllodes tumor. The lesion was reported as BIRADS 4a on mammography. Fine needle aspiration cytology suggested benign breast disease. Wide local excision was performed. The excised lump was solid, gray-white with fatty yellowish areas. Histological features were of myoid mammary hamartoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest myoid hamartoma reported till date. Fine needle aspiration, needle biopsy, and immunohistochemistry are of limited value as diagnostic modalities in these lesions. Complete surgical excision, proper identification, and follow-up is essential, as these lesions, more commonly those which are incompletely excised, can recur.

UNASSIGNED: Intracystic papillary carcinoma breast is an uncommon breast cancer consisting of 0.5-1.0% of all breast cancers. Papillary carcinoma is further subdivided into intraductal and intracystic papillary carcinoma. Intracystic papillary carcinoma is further divided into pure intracystic papillary carcinoma or associated with in situ carcinoma. The clinical and radiological features of intracystic papillary carcinoma are not specific, hence a high chance of misdiagnosis. Here we report a case of intracystic papillary carcinoma of both breasts which created a diagnostic dilemma.

UNASSIGNED: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has an aggressive clinical behaviour, with advanced stages at initial diagnostic evaluation, early recurrences and poor survival, so the purpose was to determine the clinical and radiological manifestations associated with TNBC.
UNASSIGNED: A case-control study in women diagnosed with breast cancer from January 2015 to August 2022 at the \'Instituto Regional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas del Norte\'. We classified cases (Triple Negative subtype) and controls (Luminal A, Luminal B and HER2) according to immunohistochemistry ical analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
UNASSIGNED: The medical reports of 88 cases and 236 controls were reviewed. Cases were more likely to report pain (p = 0.001), nodules on ultrasound (p = 0.01) and mammography (p = 0.003), superior median size (p < 0.05), posterior enhancement (p = 0.001) and moderate density (p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis identified that TNBC was more likely to have a nodular type lesion by ultrasound (OR: 9.73, 95% CI: 1.10-86.16; p = 0.04), ultrasound lesion larger than 36 mm (OR: 4.99, 95% CI: 1.75-14.17; p = 0.003) and moderate density (OR: 3.83, 95% CI: 1.44-10.14; p = 0.007).
UNASSIGNED: There are particular clinical and imaging manifestations of TNBC, showing that radiological lesions that presented characteristics in ultrasound as nodular type lesions larger than 36 mm and in mammography moderate grade density, were associated with this subtype of breast tumours in a Peruvian population.

Extramammary metastases are uncommon and usually related to a poor prognosis, but the radiologist can suspect the diagnosis based on the patient\'s clinical history and specific imaging findings. Several imaging procedures may be used to evaluate breast metastases from different extramammary malignancies, including mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT). The clinical and imaging presentation of these metastases is contingent upon how the illness spreads, however, they have the potential to resemble either benign or malignant breast tumors. Metastases that disseminate hematologically tend to appear as a single round or oval mass with circumscribed margins. Sonographically, they are usually hypoechoic, and with CT or MRI, they usually enhance. Lymphatic dissemination, for example, frequently reveals significant asymmetry with skin thickening and diffuse breast edema, which is compatible with an inflammatory breast carcinoma. Knowing the many types of cancers that have the potential to spread to the breast as well as being able to accurately diagnose them is crucial to prevent a needless mastectomy and provide guidance for subsequent treatment. The purpose of this article is to provide a better understanding of the imaging features and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of secondary tumors of the breast by presenting eight distinctive cases, which will enable radiologists to recognize this entity.

Ipsilateral axillary adenopathy post-COVID mRNA vaccine has been widely reported and guidelines for management have been established. Isolated changes of axillary tail trabecular thickening without associated adenopathy in the breast present a diagnostic dilemma and no official guidelines have thus far been reported. This finding has been reported after COVID mRNA vaccine and has never been reported with any other vaccine. We report on a patient with such changes on screening mammography 1.5 months after the fifth dose of a COVID-mRNA vaccine and 1 week after RSV vaccine. This raises the possibility that such changes can be seen with vaccines other than the COVID mRNA series of vaccines. The main differential diagnosis includes mastitis and inflammatory breast cancer. The transient nature of this finding with spontaneous resolution at diagnostic mammography and the vaccination history helps to establish the diagnosis and exclude breast cancer.

Calcifications on mammography from systemic disease at times meet diagnostic criteria for histologic sampling to exclude malignancy. We present a case of bilateral groups of new calcifications on mammography that yielded amyloidosis on core biopsy. Awareness of our patient\'s known diagnosis of systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL) prompted use of Congo red staining to confirm the histologic diagnosis. Knowledge of systemic diseases with possible manifestations on mammography can facilitate cogent and clinically relevant radiology-pathology correlation.

Aims/Background Breast leukaemia (BL) is a rare breast malignancy that is treated differently from other malignant conditions. However, it is easily confused with other conditions; therefore, how to accurately diagnose is crucial. We retrospectively analysed the imaging findings of 13 patients to provide a diagnostic reference. Methods From January 2015 to April 2023, 13 patients with BL confirmed by biopsy who underwent imaging in Peking University People\'s hospital were retrospectively analysed. The imaging findings obtained via ultrasound (US), mammography (MMG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were analysed, and the detection rates of these methods for diagnosing BL were compared. Results Twenty-nine lesions were detected in the 13 patients. These patients presented with palpable masses or breast swelling several months after treatment for leukaemia, mainly involving the bilateral breasts. Ultrasonography was performed for 13 patients, and all lesions were detected. Most of the identified masses were hypoechoic and had indistinct boundaries, irregular shapes, no enhancement of the posterior echo, and no abundant blood flow. MMG was performed for five patients, revealing breast masses, architectural distortion, and no abnormalities. MRI was performed for four patients, and all lesions were detected; most of the lesions were hypointense on T1-weighted imaging and hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging, with a decreased apparent diffusion coefficient and inhomogeneous enhancement. The enhancement curves were mostly inflow patterns. PET/CT was performed for four patients; two patients had hypermetabolism, and the other two had no obvious radioactive uptake. Conclusion Compared to MMG and PET/CT, US and MRI have higher detection rates. Furthermore, compared to MRI, US is inexpensive, convenient and efficient; therefore, it should be the first choice for diagnosing BL.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based cancer detectors (CAD) for mammography are starting to be used for breast cancer screening in radiology departments. It is important to understand how AI CAD systems react to benign lesions, especially those that have been subjected to biopsy.
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to corroborate the hypothesis that women with previous benign biopsy and cytology assessments would subsequently present increased AI CAD abnormality scores even though they remained healthy.
METHODS: This is a retrospective study applying a commercial AI CAD system (Insight MMG, version 1.1.4.3; Lunit Inc) to a cancer-enriched mammography screening data set of 10,889 women (median age 56, range 40-74 years). The AI CAD generated a continuous prediction score for tumor suspicion between 0.00 and 1.00, where 1.00 represented the highest level of suspicion. A binary read (flagged or not flagged) was defined on the basis of a predetermined cutoff threshold (0.40). The flagged median and proportion of AI scores were calculated for women who were healthy, those who had a benign biopsy finding, and those who were diagnosed with breast cancer. For women with a benign biopsy finding, the interval between mammography and the biopsy was used for stratification of AI scores. The effect of increasing age was examined using subgroup analysis and regression modeling.
RESULTS: Of a total of 10,889 women, 234 had a benign biopsy finding before or after screening. The proportions of flagged healthy women were 3.5%, 11%, and 84% for healthy women without a benign biopsy finding, those with a benign biopsy finding, and women with breast cancer, respectively (P<.001). For the 8307 women with complete information, radiologist 1, radiologist 2, and the AI CAD system flagged 8.5%, 6.8%, and 8.5% of examinations of women who had a prior benign biopsy finding. The AI score correlated only with increasing age of the women in the cancer group (P=.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Compared to healthy women without a biopsy, the examined AI CAD system flagged a much larger proportion of women who had or would have a benign biopsy finding based on a radiologist\'s decision. However, the flagging rate was not higher than that for radiologists. Further research should be focused on training the AI CAD system taking prior biopsy information into account.

An 85-year-old Chinese lady presented with a 5-day history of a painless left breast lump. There was no fever, nipple discharge, or history of trauma. She had a past medical history of atrial fibrillation that was managed with an oral anticoagulant. Mammography demonstrated a dense mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. Ultrasound showed an irregular, heterogeneous 4.7 cm lesion containing debris and cystic spaces with raised peripheral vascularity at the 2 o\'clock position, 3 cm from nipple. No internal vascularity was detected. This was managed as a haematoma and rivaroxaban was withheld. Follow-up imaging 3-weeks later showed persistence of the lesion. Bedside needle aspiration yielded haemoserous fluid with immediate reduction in size of the lesion. However, 2 weeks after aspiration, there was recurrence of the \'haematoma\'. Multidisciplinary review of the clinical history, examination and imaging was sought, and biopsy of the irregularly thickened areas with vascularity along the periphery of the lesion was recommended. Vacuum-assisted biopsy was performed, and histology returned as metaplastic carcinoma. A recurring \'haematoma\' should always prompt a search for a secondary cause, with features such as irregular thickened walls and papillary/nodular components requiring further evaluation with biopsy for histopathological correlation.

Acinic cell carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor that accounts for 2%-3% of salivary gland tumors. Acinic cell carcinoma arising from the breast is extremely rare, with only approximately 70 cases reported to date. Owing to its rarity, previous studies have primarily focused on pathological findings. Herein, we present the clinical and radiological features of acinic cell carcinoma of the breast in a 33-year-old woman.
선방세포암은 침샘에서 발생하는 종양 중 약 2%–3%를 차지하는 드문 악성 종양이다. 유방에서 발생한 선방세포암은 매우 드물어 현재까지 약 70예 정도만 보고되었고, 대부분 병리학적 소견을 위주로 기술되었다. 이에 저자들은 33세 여성에서 발생한 유방 선방세포암의 증례와 영상의학적 소견에 대해 보고하고자 한다.