增材制造(AM)是一组有吸引力的工艺,最近被用来处理用于制造电机部件的特定材料。这是因为AM允许保持或增强它们的磁性,使用其他传统工艺制造时可能会降级或受到限制。软磁材料(SMM),如Fe-Si,Fe-Ni,Fe-Co,和软磁复合材料(SMC),由于其磁性,是适用于电机增材制造部件的材料,热,机械,和电性能。除了这些,在文献中观察到其他合金,如软铁氧体,由于它们的低磁化强度和脆性而难以加工。然而,多亏了增材制造,可以利用它们的高电阻率,使它们成为电机部件应用的替代候选者。重要的是要强调材料科学领域的重大进展,这使得新材料如高熵合金(HEAs)的开发成为可能。这些合金,由于它们复杂的化学成分,可以表现出软磁性能。本工作的目的是对通过不同AM技术制造的最先进的SMM进行严格审查。这篇综述涵盖了这些技术对微观结构变化的影响,机械强度,后处理,和磁参数,如饱和磁化强度(MS),矫顽力(HC),剩磁(Br),相对渗透率(Mr),电阻率(r),和热导率(k)。
Additive manufacturing (AM) is an attractive set of processes that are being employed lately to process specific materials used in the fabrication of electrical machine components. This is because AM allows for the preservation or enhancement of their magnetic properties, which may be degraded or limited when manufactured using other traditional processes. Soft magnetic materials (SMMs), such as Fe-Si, Fe-Ni, Fe-Co, and soft magnetic composites (SMCs), are suitable materials for electrical machine additive manufacturing components due to their magnetic, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. In addition to these, it has been observed in the literature that other alloys, such as soft ferrites, are difficult to process due to their low magnetization and brittleness. However, thanks to additive manufacturing, it is possible to leverage their high electrical resistivity to make them alternative candidates for applications in electrical machine components. It is important to highlight the significant progress in the field of materials science, which has enabled the development of novel materials such as high-entropy alloys (HEAs). These alloys, due to their complex chemical composition, can exhibit soft magnetic properties. The aim of the present work is to provide a critical
review of the state-of-the-art SMMs manufactured through different AM technologies. This
review covers the influence of these technologies on microstructural changes, mechanical strengths, post-processing, and magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization (MS), coercivity (HC), remanence (Br), relative permeability (Mr), electrical resistivity (r), and thermal conductivity (k).