The Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) is a major human eosinophil protein that readily crystallizes; these crystals are common in eosinophilic diseases. Although anecdotal existence of these crystals is known in veterinary pathology, definitive reports do not exist, to our knowledge. We identified eosinophilic crystals in a laryngeal myxosarcoma from a 2-y-old, spayed female, Labrador Retriever dog that were tentatively interpreted as CLCs. However, Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast stain was negative, arguing against CLCs. The crystals stained red with Masson trichrome, precluding collagen. Periodic acid-Schiff and alcian blue were negative. The crystals stained positively with Okajima, and no myoglobin immunoreactivity was detected, supporting their identity as hemoglobin crystals. In the absence of a hematologic abnormality, these crystals were interpreted to be abnormal hemoglobin breakdown products. Protein sequence comparison was pursued to determine whether a protein similar to CLC exists in mammals. Only 3 nonhuman primate species, the Sumatran orangutan ( Pongo abelii), rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta), and cynomolgus monkey ( Macaca fascicularis), had a sequence similarity of >80%. Of the crystal-forming residues, 12 of 54 (22%) were different in the Sumatran orangutan and 15 of 54 (28%) were different in the Macaca spp., which may affect the crystallization process. The lack of reports of CLCs in nonhuman species and our results collectively suggest that CLCs are human-specific.

Charcot Leyden crystals are colorless, hexagonal, bipyramidal crystals formed from aggregation of material from disintegrating eosinophils. Eosinophilic infiltrate along with the presence of Charcot Leyden crystals is an indirect evidence of parasitic infestation. Here, we report a case where fine-needle aspiration cytology smears prepared from hepatic space occupying lesion showed numerous Charcot Leyden crystals along with eosinophilic infiltrate, indicating parasitic infection.

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BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is an inflammatory condition of the bladder that has been linked to food allergens, infectious agents, drugs, and other genitourinary conditions. Like interstitial cystitis, EC has a strong female predominance. It is characterized by an intense eosinophilic infiltrate in the acute phase and fibrosis in the chronic phase.
OBJECTIVE: To document and focus on specific features of EC in males and highlight the relationship between clinical and histopathologic findings.
METHODS: The bladder biopsies of male patients were reviewed. Eight cases of EC were selected.
RESULTS: Several known associations were noted as well as unreported features and associations such as Charcot-Leyden crystals, celiac disease, lupus anticoagulant, and additional viral and bacterial agents.
CONCLUSIONS: Eosinophilic cystitis represents a response to a variety of agents and may often be overlooked. The temporally biphasic morphologic features are the hallmark of this condition. Because clinical and imaging studies are not specific, a high index of clinical suspicion is often crucial to the correct diagnosis and proper management of EC.

Eosinophilia of synovial fluid is an uncommon condition. The majority of the reported cases are associated to diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, parasitic disease, hypereosinophilic syndrome, Lyme disease, and allergic processes as well as hemarthrosis and arthrography. Presently there are only four cases of eosinophilic synovitis with unknown cause. We are reporting a patient with oligoarthritis of the knees, massive eosinophilia, and Charcot-Leyden crystals in synovial fluid without associated cause. We review the clinical and biological features of eosinophilic synovitis and discuss its pathogenesis.