Liposarcomas account for about 20% of all sarcomas among mesenchymal neoplasms. Myxomatous liposarcoma is a rare mediastinal tumor that seems the same as other lung disorders. The most common presenting symptoms are chest pain, dyspnea, and dysphagia. Most of the diagnostic findings are provided by radiological or postoperative histopathological tests. Surgery and chemotherapy, in some cases, are the basis of treatment. People with this condition have a higher probability of a favorable outcome if they receive an early diagnosis and treatment. We present a case of a 48-year-old male with primary mediastinal liposarcoma. The patient complained of chest pain and shortness of breath with a productive cough. Computed tomography (CT) showed a large right cystic mass on the right lower thoracic cavity. Surgery was done, and a histopathological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis.

This study examines a unique case of a 61-year-old male with a 5-year history of a progressively growing mass above his right shoulder, diagnosed as a dedifferentiated pleomorphic liposarcoma. Using computerized tomography-guided core needle biopsy, the tumour was identified as intermediate to high grade. Surgical removal required preoperative radiotherapy to reduce the size of the tumour. Several unique characteristics set apart this particular case of liposarcoma: its substantial size, its unpredictable growth pattern, its absence of metastasis, and notably, its prolonged period of being untreated. This case report outlines the clinical background, diagnostic procedures, and treatment modalities employed in managing this condition, emphasizing a localized dual therapy approach combining radiotherapy and surgery. Emphasis is placed on distinguishing liposarcoma from lipoblastoma, a benign adipocyte tumour, to facilitate accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment selection. The positive result achieved in this case could provide valuable insights for the future treatment and management of similarly sized aggressive tumours.

UNASSIGNED: Ovarian mucinous tumor with a mural nodule is a rare and special type of ovarian surface epithelial-stromal tumor. Mural nodules are morphologically classified into three types: sarcoma-like, anaplastic carcinomatous, and true sarcomatous nodules. Ovarian mucinous tumors with true sarcomatous mural nodules are rare and challenging to diagnose, with only 10 cases reported worldwide. Currently, liposarcoma mural nodules remain unreported.
UNASSIGNED: A 91-year-old woman was hospitalized for postmenopausal vaginal bleeding for 3 weeks. Imaging revealed a large cystic mass (20.0 cm × 17.7 cm × 12.8 cm) on the right ovary. The mass was multilocular cystic, with a mural nodule (1.4 cm × 1.2 cm × 1.0 cm) in the focal cyst wall. Based on histological morphology, immunohistochemical staining, and MDM2/CDK4 fluorescence in situ hybridization testing, the diagnosis was ovarian mucinous cystadenoma with a mural nodule of well-differentiated liposarcoma. To the best of our knowledge, this has never been reported before. High-throughput sequencing identified KRAS mutations in the ovarian mucinous cystadenoma. However, the liposarcoma mural nodule did not exhibit KRAS mutations but displayed copy number amplifications of CDK4 and DDR2, as well as a frameshift mutation in exon 13 of ASXL1 (p. A627Gfs*8).
UNASSIGNED: This case broadens the morphological spectrum of mural nodules in ovarian mucinous tumors, deepening our knowledge of this rare morphology. Meanwhile, through high-throughput sequencing, we found no overlapping genetic evidence between the liposarcoma mural nodule and associated ovarian mucinous cystadenoma.

A man in his 70s presented with a left inguinoscrotal mass. Testicular tumour markers showed markedly elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The 24.5 cm mass was resected, and histology confirmed a rare diagnosis of paratesticular dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. The patient expired with distant metastasis 11 months after presenting to his general practitioner.HCG-producing soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are commonly reported as high-grade, poorly differentiated and with a poor prognosis. The role of hCG in tumour angiogenesis may influence these features.Paratesticular STS treatment guidelines have been influenced by the management of retroperitoneal STS, which are relatively more common. Studies of genitourinary STS demonstrate that positive surgical margins pose the greatest risk to local recurrence and metastasis-free survival.This case demonstrates the rapid growth of DDLPS-producing hCG, the propensity to metastasise, and poor prognosis, requiring further research into the benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy for DDLPS.

BACKGROUND: Retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLPS) is a relatively rare disease. Liposarcomas vary in size, but sizeable RPLPS larger than 30 cm in diameter are very rare, and their diagnosis and treatment present significant challenges.
METHODS: We report a 58-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital with an increased abdominal circumference and was later diagnosed with a giant RPLPS. The liposarcoma was found to adhere to the right kidney and the entire ureter, invading the ascending colon. The patient underwent complete combined surgical resection. The tumor was removed intact, measured 55.0 cm × 30.0 cm × 18.0 cm, and weighed 19.8 kg. Histopathologic analysis revealed well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS). The patient was successfully discharged from the hospital and followed up for 6 months with no signs of recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS: RPLPS is a rare tumor with atypical clinical presentation. Surgery remains the most effective method of treatment for retroperitoneal sarcomas, with complete removal if there is local invasion. Preoperative examination, including three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, is essential for surgical success. The role of adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy remains controversial. However, clinicians should not rule them out as viable options.

Myxoid pleomorphic liposarcoma (MPLPS) is an extremely rare entity that has been recognized and included in the literature recently. Liposarcomas are adipocytic tumors that are usually located in the extremities and retroperitoneum. Paratesticular liposarcomas are extremely rare malignant tumors originating from the adipose tissue of the paratesticular region. Myxoid pleomorphic liposarcoma (MPLPS) is an exceedingly rare variant of liposarcoma, with very few cases reported in the literature so far. Mediastinum is the most common site for MPLPS followed by the limbs, head, and neck. We report a case of a 50-year-old male patient who presented with a swelling in the right inguinal region, which came to the patient\'s attention in the past month. After investigations, a right-high orchidectomy was done. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry were performed and a diagnosis of myxoid pleomorphic liposarcoma (MPLPS) involving the spermatic cord was made. So here we report this case of myxoid pleomorphic liposarcoma involving the spermatic cord for the first time in the literature.

Sarcomatous serous effusions are uncommon and diagnostically challenging. Dedifferentiated and pleomorphic liposarcomas are rare tumors in pleural effusions revealing highly pleomorphic tumor cells mimicking carcinoma, mesothelioma, melanoma, and other sarcomas. Hematothoracic effusions further complicate the cytologic diagnosis. Correct cytologic recognition is important. We report pleomorphic liposarcoma cytologically detected in effusion fluid in a 56-year-old man who presented with a massive unilateral pleural effusion. ThinPrep showed hemorrhagic effusion fluid characterized by lysed red blood cells, foamy macrophages, and siderophages intermixed with highly pleomorphic predominantly naked mononuclear and giant nuclei. The aggregated siderophages and vacuolated macrophages could be mistaken for tumor cells, whereas the bare nuclei may be missed as nonspecific degenerate changes. Cellblock sections showed highly pleomorphic mononuclear and multinucleated giant tumor cells with diagnostic lipoblasts, intermixed with foamy macrophages and siderophages. Cellblock immunocytochemistry showed staining for vimentin and S-100 protein in the tumor cells. Other lineage-specific immunomarkers were negative. CD68 and calretinin revealed frequent background macrophages and scarce mesothelial cells. The tumor cells were negative for MDM2 and CDK4. The entertained cytopathologic diagnosis was pleomorphic liposarcoma. Core needle biopsy was procured from the mass. The histopathologic features and immunoprofile of the tissue specimen matched the cytopathologic and immunocytochemical findings confirming the cytologic diagnosis of pleomorphic liposarcoma. Pleomorphic liposarcoma is an unexpected cytologically challenging finding in effusions, particularly when compounded by pitfalls introduced by hemosiderotic fluid. Attention to certain cytologic clues mitigate pitfalls. Cellblock is a valuable diagnostic tool when integrated with relevant negative and positive immunocytochemical markers.

Liposarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor that rarely involves the gastrointestinal tract. The dedifferentiated type typically carries the worst prognosis. Here, we describe a rare case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the rectum in a young male patient who was treated with surgical excision. Treatment is often difficult and there is no clear consensus on the benefits of radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

Spermatic cord malignancies are a scarce modality and liposarcoma of spermatic cord is even a rarer condition encountered. Liposarcoma is usually a slowly progressive, non-tender, well circumscribed mass of variable shapes owing to conformity to fascial compartments. We are reporting a case of 65-year-old male, with a two-month history of initially tender and later non-tender mass in the scrotum, above the testis. Ultrasonography showed a right mid inguinal mass measuring 6x3x3 cm at the superior pole of the right testis and small fluid around the right testis. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the right inguinal mass revealed a spindle cell neoplasm. The patient underwent right inguinal radical orchiectomy with local wide excision of the sarcoma of the spermatic cord origin. Final histopathology confirmed dedifferentiated liposarcoma. No adjuvant treatment was offered and the patient was put on surveillance. Follow-up of more than 10 months has not revealed any local recurrence, regional or non-regional lymph nodes, or systemic metastasis.

UNASSIGNED: Liposarcoma is a malignant tumor that originates from adipose tissue and can occur in any part of the body. There is currently no clear conclusion on whether there are significant differences in prognosis between liposarcoma at different anatomical locations, especially retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLPS) and non retroperitoneal liposarcoma (NRLPS). The aim of this study is to reveal whether there are differences in prognosis between these two locations of liposarcoma, and further explore the fundamental reasons behind these differences.
UNASSIGNED: We conducted an in-depth investigation into the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with liposarcoma by analyzing the data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database. Then, we used propensity score matching (PSM) to balance these prognostic factors for comparative analysis of survival between RLPS and NRLPS. In addition, by analyzing transcriptome and whole exome data from TCGA and the Japan Genotypic Phenotype Archive (JGA), we identified genes with significant expression differences and explored changes in the immune microenvironment.
UNASSIGNED: Through analysis of RLPS and NRLPS patients in the SEER database, we observed significant prognostic differences between the two groups, with RLPS exhibiting worse prognosis (p < 0.001). Even after adjusting for confounding factors through PSM, these survival rate differences remained significant, with RLPS still showing worse prognosis (p = 0.017). Furthermore, our analysis of transcriptomic data led to the identification of 467 differentially expressed genes. Additionally, we noted significant differences in the immune microenvironment and whole exome sequencing data between the two groups.
UNASSIGNED: There are significant differences between patients with RLPS and NRLPS. Therefore, from clinical research to treatment strategies, RLPS and NRLPS should be considered as two distinct types of tumors, necessitating differentiated approaches for their study and treatment.