Geleophysic dysplasia (GD) and acromicric dysplasia (AD) are characterized by short stature, short extremities, and progressive joint limitation. In GD, cardiorespiratory involvement can result in poor prognosis. Dominant variants in the FBN1 and LTBP3 genes are responsible for AD or GD, whereas recessive variants in the ADAMTSL2 gene are responsible for GD only. The aim of this study was to define the natural history of these disorders and to establish genotype-phenotype correlations.
This monocentric retrospective study was conducted between January 2008 and December 2018 in a pediatric tertiary care center and included patients with AD or GD with identified variants (FBN1, LTBP3, or ADAMTSL2).
Twenty-two patients with GD (12 ADAMTSL2, 8 FBN1, 2 LTBP3) and 16 patients with AD (15 FBN1, 1 LTBP3) were included. Early death occurred in eight GD and one AD. Among GD patients, 68% presented with heart valve disease and 25% developed upper airway obstruction. No AD patient developed life-threatening cardiorespiratory issues. A greater proportion of patients with either a FBN1 cysteine variant or ADAMTSL2 variants had a poor outcome.
GD and AD are progressive multisystemic disorders with life-threatening complications associated with specific genotype. A careful multidisciplinary follow-up is needed.

After the thalidomide epidemic in the early 1960s, many jurisdictions developed congenital anomaly surveillance systems. Congenital limb deficiencies can act as indicators of potential teratogens. The classification of congenital limb deficiencies is essential to determine the precise cause or causes of this anomaly. This article describes the different terminology and classification that have been used over time and the need for a consensus. While there are a variety of studies examining the epidemiology and etiology of congenital limb deficiencies, there is an inconsistent use of terminology and classification which makes comparisons between studies challenging. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Steven Pfeiffer syndrome pedigrees (three 3 generation and four 2 generation) have been recorded to date in addition to at least a dozen sporadic cases. Autosomal dominant inheritance with complete penetrance is characteristic of the 7 familial instances. Variable expressivity has involved mostly the presence or absence of syndactyly and the degree of syndactyly when present. Classic Pfeiffer syndrome is designated type I. Type 2 consists of cloverleaf skull with Pfeiffer hands and feet together with ankylosis of the elbows. Such patients do poorly with an early death. All reported instances to date have been sporadic. Type 3 is similar to type 2 but without cloverleaf skull. Ocular proptosis is severe in degree and the anterior cranial base is markedly short. These patients also do poorly and tend to have an early death. To date all cases have occurred sporadically. Although these 3 clinical subtypes do not have status as separate entities, their diagnostic and prognostic implications are important. Type 1 is commonly associated with normal intelligence, generally good outcome, and can be found dominantly inherited in some families. Types 2 and 3 generally have severe neurological compromise, poor prognosis, early death, and sporadic occurrence. Recognition of type 3 is particularly important because extreme ocular proptosis in the absence of cloverleaf skull but with various visceral anomalies can result in failure to diagnose Pfeiffer syndrome and labeling the patient as an \"unknown\" or as a \"newly recognized entity.\"(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)