暂无摘要。

The most common causes of congenital neutropenia are mutations in the ELANE (Elastase, Neutrophil Expressed) gene (19p13.3), mostly in exon 5 and the distal portion of exon 4, which result in different clinical phenotypes of neutropenia. Here, we report two pathogenic mutations in ELANE, namely, c.607G>C (p.Gly203Arg) and a novel variant c.416C>G (p.Pro139Arg), found in two Mexican families ascertained via patients with congenital neutropenia who responded positively to the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment. These findings highlight the usefulness of identifying variants in patients with inborn errors of immunity for early clinical management and the need to rule out mosaicism in noncarrier parents with more than one case in the family.

现报道1例幼年起病的中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶（ELANE）基因突变相关周期性中性粒细胞减少症（CN）的诊治过程。患者男性，24岁，表现为反复发热伴口腔黏膜溃疡，腹泻，中性粒细胞1.04×109/L。予痰热清静脉滴注20 ml/次、1次/d，联合口服阿奇霉素500 mg/次、1次/d，治疗7 d，患者体温维持在36.5 ℃左右。基因检测报告显示ELANE基因杂合突变，对其父母亦进行了基因检测，结果显示母亲ELANE基因存在相同突变，父亲正常，最终诊断CN。予粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）皮下注射2 μg·kg-1·d-1，3 d后患者中性粒细胞升至2.79×109/L，口腔溃疡愈合，未再腹泻。CN是一种常染色体显性遗传病，发病率低，临床表现缺乏特异性，分享该病例旨在提高临床医生对该病的认识，减少误诊率。.

BACKGROUND: The Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a rare genetic disease characterized by a deficiency of mature neutrophils in the bone marrow and peripheral blood disorders. After a BALF ACER examination, the patient was found to have a rareMycobacterium abscess infection.
METHODS: We report a case of SCN withMycobacterium abscess infection caused by ELANE gene mutation. Conventional antiinfection and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) did not ameliorate patient\'s symptoms. The absolute neutrophil count (ANC) most of the time < 0.50 × 109/L.
METHODS: According to Gene sequencing and other tests, the patient was diagnosed with SCN caused by ELANE gene mutation, severe pneumonia, Mycobacteriosis abscess, nutritional iron deficiency anemia, multiple abscesses of the skin, hypergammaglobuloemia, and thrush.
METHODS: Anti-infection agents, abscess incision and drainage, blood transfusion, G-CSF were treated.
RESULTS: The fever subsided, the cough disappeared, the anemia improved, and the ANC improved (0.69 × 109/L). Currently, the patient has been followed up in the outpatient clinic for 20months, during which time fever, bone pain, gingivitis and thrush occasionally appeared. The ANC fluctuated between 0.20 and 1.27 × 109/L, suggesting the need for a timely hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).
CONCLUSIONS: ELANE gene-related SCN is rare in children, and the possibility of this disease should be considered in children with recurrent severe bacterial infections and a significant reduction in neutrophils in the peripheral blood shortly after birth. In addition to strengthening nursing care and actively preventing and controlling infection, other rare bacterial infections should be considered in clinical practice.

Cyclic neutropenia has been rarely associated with chronic inflammation and development of reactive AA amyloidosis. We report a family with cyclic neutropenia with associated renal and thyroid amyloid. A 12-year-old female presented with thyromegaly, recurrent aphthous ulcers, severe neutropenia, and renal failure. Renal and thyroid biopsies revealed abundant amyloid deposition. Presence of a heterozygous ELANE c.358 A>T gene mutation p.I120F variant with autosomal dominant inheritance confirmed the diagnosis of cyclic neutropenia. The patient\'s father also had neutropenia and amyloidosis with renal failure. We started filgrastim to attenuate neutropenia and thereby reduce chronic inflammation and minimize further amyloid deposition.

BACKGROUND: Cyclic neutropenia (CyN) is a rare hematological disease, and patients with CyN often experience an early onset of severe periodontitis and are forced to undergo tooth extraction. Here, we report a case of a patient with CyN who showed different periodicity and oscillations of neutrophil count compared with her mother, despite sharing the same novel genetic mutation.
UNASSIGNED: A 17-year-old Japanese girl who had been diagnosed with CyN shortly after birth presented to our hospital with a complaint of mobility of her teeth and gingivitis. Upon presentation, an intraoral examination was performed and revealed redness and swelling of the marginal and attached gingiva. Radiographs revealed extreme resorption of the alveolar bone and apical lesions in her mandibular lateral incisors. The patient\'s hematologic data demonstrated a lack of blood neutrophils (0/μL). The patient had no history of dental extraction, and her mother also had a history of CyN.
UNASSIGNED: The patient was diagnosed with severe periodontitis that was associated with CyN. Gene testing showed a novel heterozygous mutation in exon 4 of the ELANE gene (c.538delC, p.Leu180Ser fsX11).
METHODS: Based on the clinical findings, we planned to extract the patient\'s mandibular lateral incisors. Although the tooth extraction was scheduled considering the cyclic variation in neutrophil count, the patient\'s neutrophil count was 0/μL on the day before the planned extraction. Therefore, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was administered to increase the patient\'s neutrophil count. On the day of the patient\'s admission for the tooth extraction, she presented with fever (body temperature, 38.5°C), tonsillitis, and stomatitis. The extraction was subsequently delayed, and the patient was administered antibiotics and G-CSF for 4 days. At this time, the neutrophil count increased to 750/μL, and the tooth extraction was carried out safely.
RESULTS: The postoperative course was uneventful, and the healing process at the extraction site was excellent.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a possibility that the periodicity and oscillations of neutrophil count may change with growth in patients with CyN. Therefore, it is important to frequently examine and treat patients with fluctuating neutrophil levels for the management of invasive dental treatment in patients with CyN.

BACKGROUND: Cyclic neutropenia (CyN) is a rare hematological disease. Herein, a CyN girl, aged 3 years and 2 months, with recurrent fever and oral mucosal ulcer caused by neutrophil elastase (ELANE) gene mutation is reported.
METHODS: A 3 years and 2 months old girl presented with recurrent fever and oral mucosal ulcer for 1 year. Routine blood test revealed that her absolute neutrophil count repeatedly decreased (minimum 0. 04 × 10/L) every 21 days on an average. Gene testing showed that the patient suffered from ELANE gene heterozygous mutation (c.197T>G) (exon2) (p.M66R). She was finally diagnosed as CyN. The patient\'s symptoms were relieved after infection prevention and treatment as well as granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy. Her condition continues to remain stable.
CONCLUSIONS: Active prevention and treatment of infection as well as G-CSF therapy can successfully control CyN.

暂无摘要。

OBJECTIVE: To confirm and characterize mosaicism of the cyclic neutropenia (CyN)-related mutation in the ELANE gene identified in the asymptomatic mother of patients with CyN.
METHODS: We identified sibling cases with CyN due to a novel heterozygous splicing site mutation, IVS4 +5SD G>T, in the ELANE gene, resulting in an internal in-frame deletion of 30 nucleotides (corresponding to a ten amino acid deletion, V161-F170). The mutated allele was also detected in their asymptomatic mother but at low frequency. We measured the frequency of the mutant allele from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) by subcloning, and confirmed the allelic frequency of mosaicism in various cell types by massively parallel DNA sequencing (MPS) analysis.
RESULTS: In the subcloning analysis, the mutant allele was identified in 21.36 % of PBLs from the asymptomatic mother, compared with 54.72 % of PBLs from the CyN patient. In the MPS analysis, the mutant allele was observed in approximately 30 % of mononuclear cells, CD3(+) T cells, CD14(+) monocytes and the buccal mucosa. Conversely, it was detected in low frequency in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PLMLs) (3-4 %) and CD16(+) granulocytes (2-3 %).
CONCLUSIONS: Mosaicism of the ELANE mutation has only previously been identified in one confirmed and one unconfirmed case of SCN. This is the first report of mosaicism of the ELANE mutation in a case of CyN. The MPS results suggest that this de novo mutation occurred during the two-cell stage of embryogenesis. PLMLs expressing the ELANE mutation were found to be actively undergoing apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: Cyclic neutropenia is a rare disease. We report a 31-month-old girl with congenital cyclic neutropenia with a novel mutation in the ELANE gene who developed an acute necrotizing soft-tissue infection on her left axillary legion.
METHODS: A 31-month-old girl was admitted to our pediatric emergency room because of a necrotizing soft tissue infection of the left axillary area. The infection progressed rapidly and resulted in septic shock. Despite a medical treatment and surgical debridement, the sepsis was not controlled, and severe inflammation developed. After applying of negative-pressure wound therapy, her clinical symptoms improved. Finally, she was diagnosed with cyclic neutropenia with a novel genetic mutation. One month after admission, she was discharged with a completely recovered wound and no need for skin grafting.
CONCLUSIONS: Both adequate medical treatment and effective control of the source of infection are critically important to reduce morbidity in such complex cases of necrotizing fasciitis as appeared in an immunocompromised pediatric patient.