We present a genome assembly from an individual female Coleophora flavipennella (the Tipped Oak Case-bearer; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Coleophoridae). The genome sequence is 989.3 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 57 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.77 kilobases in length.

Caterpillars can damage human health, including visual acuity, as a result of penetration of the setae into the eye or their layout on the eye tissue. However, the path of setae movement in the eye remains unclear. In this study, a 43-year-old woman was injured in the left eye by a caterpillar. Other than rubbing her eye, the patient did not attempt any type of treatment, and she visited our outpatient clinic 5 days after the accident. The patient\'s left eyelid was markedly swollen, with a visual acuity of 1.0 in the right eye and only 0.04 in the left eye. Images of the setae in the eye were taken using an oil lens microscope, which showed clearly their detailed characteristics. The setae were removed from the eye as much as possible. Topical eyedrops and oral steroids were used to reduce the inflammation. Vitritis and retinitis occurred at the 6-month follow-up and was classified as ophthalmia nodosa by the ophthalmologist. Before we did our study, some ophthalmologists believed that setae moved forward; however, we found that setae in the eye moved in a disorderly fashion. We also note that all setae should be removed. This case demonstrates that caterpillar setae in the eye move in a disorderly fashion and eventually caused ophthalmia nodosa.

A new species of Gnorimoschemini (Gelechiidae), Klimeschiopsis arnoldfransorum sp. nov., is described from specimens collected in Spain. The species is most closely related to Klimeschiopsis terroris (Hartig, 1938), with which it was hitherto mixed, but differs particularly by its small size with reduced yellowish-white forewing markings, the characters of the male and female genitalia, and the highly divergent DNA barcode (cytochrome c-oxidase subunit 1). Adult and genitalia of both sexes are figured. Finally, a checklist of the genus is provided.

Potholes are microhabitats in riverine ecosystems that substantially contribute to the unique regional faunal diversity and community composition. Investigations on the ecological status of potholes in riverine habitats are very scanty. The present work is of utmost importance, particularly as a pioneering study to evaluate the health status of riverine potholes using aquatic insects as potential biological indicators. Samples of water and aquatic insects were collected and analyzed during the pre-monsoon season from February 2022 to May 2022 in the potholes at Athirappilly and the Ezhattumugham regions of the Chalakudy river basin. The present study identified 208 individuals represented by 15 families in the potholes at Athirappilly, whereas 94 individuals belong to 10 families at Ezhattumugham. The computation of water quality parameters and benthic metrics revealed a significant variation between the stations. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the water temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen concentration, and biochemical oxygen demand were influencing the distribution of aquatic insects in the potholes. Families such as Perlidae, Ephemeridae, Baetidae, Stenopsychidae, and Hydropsychidae (sensitive families) reported from the well-oxygenated potholes at Athirappilly, where the water temperature and biochemical oxygen demand were minimum. The significantly high percentage composition of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa and a low family biotic index value indicate good health condition of the potholes at Athirappilly. In contrast, the low percentage composition of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa and high family biotic index values, with the abundance of tolerant families (Micronectidae, Caenidae, and Chironomidae), reflect the impact of organic pollution at Ezhattumugham.

The anthranilic diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole has been extensively applied to control Lepidoptera pests. However, its overuse leads to the development of resistance and accumulation of residue in the environment. Four P450s (CYP6CV5, CYP9A68, CYP321F3, and CYP324A12) were first found to be constitutively overexpressed in an SSB CAP-resistant strain. It is imperative to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying P450s-mediated CAP resistance for mitigating its environmental contamination. Here, we heterologously expressed these four P450s in insect cells and evaluated their abilities to metabolize CAP. Western blotting and reduced CO difference spectrum tests showed that these four P450 proteins had been successfully expressed in Sf9 cells, which are indicative of active functional enzymes. The recombinant proteins CYP6CV5, CYP9A68, CYP321F3, and CYP324A12 exhibited a preference for metabolizing the fluorescent P450 model probe substrates EC, BFC, EFC, and EC with enzyme activities of 0.54, 0.67, 0.57, and 0.46 pmol/min/pmol P450, respectively. In vitro metabolism revealed distinct CAP metabolic rates (0.97, 0.86, 0.75, and 0.55 pmol/min/pmol P450) and efficiencies (0.45, 0.37, 0.30, and 0.17) of the four recombinant P450 enzymes, thereby elucidating different protein catalytic activities. Furthermore, molecular model docking confirmed metabolic differences and efficiencies of these P450s and unveiled the hydroxylation reaction in generating N-demethylation and methylphenyl hydroxylation during CAP metabolism. Our findings not only first provide new insights into the mechanisms of P450s-mediated metabolic resistance to CAP at the protein level in SSB but also demonstrate significant differences in the capacities of multiple P450s for insecticide degradation and facilitate the evaluation and mitigation of toxic risks associated with CAP application in the environment.

BACKGROUND: Panuveitis is a serious inflammatory disease. Setae are fibers produced by many insects and plants. Many case reports have described caterpillar and spider fibers entering the eye. These hairs are covered with tiny barbs that help them enter and migrate into the eye tissue, leading to severe inflammation. Normally, they are buried mainly in the conjunctiva and cornea. However, in the present case, they entered the posterior segment of the eye, which is very rare.
METHODS: A female patient presented with a complaint of repeated foreign body sensation, redness, pain, and photophobia in the left eye for 9 years following initial exposure to caterpillars. She visited the doctor in January after aggravation of symptoms. Slit-lamp examination, ultrasound biomicroscopy, ultrasound B-scan, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography revealed the presence of a foreign body in the vitreous, which caused discomfort in the patient\'s left eye and subsequently, panuveitis of the left eye. The symptoms improved significantly after foreign body removal using vitrectomy. Microscopic examination revealed that the foreign body was caterpillar setae.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be more vigilant about history of contact with caterpillars while examining uveitis that has recurred for many years. Identification of the root cause of the disease can ensure better treatment.

The land use/land cover change is a local driver of environmental change having cascading impacts and implications at the global level, and therefore requires appreciable consideration when perceived from sustainability perspectives. Kerala, the southernmost state of India, has undergone a dramatic transition from a traditional agrarian economy to a modern thriving economy involving the irrational exploitation of natural resources, precisely, land and its components. The present study addresses how land is being changed along an urbanization gradient in the most agglomerative city in the state, Kochi, during the last one and half decades. High-resolution remote sensing data available from the Google Earth Pro pertaining to the four time periods, i.e., 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, representing urban, suburban, and rural areas, were analysed to estimate the changes in land use land cover. A semi-structured interview was conducted at the household level to identify the major drivers of land use change. The results indicated the presence of two major and divergent trends; the first one is the intensification of land use activities at the rate of 1.37% per annum, primarily driven by urbanization and infrastructure developments, and the second one is the fallowing and abandonment of land (at the rate of 0.21% per annum) driven by the increased cost of cultivation. The rates of change are more prominent in the rural areas while the urban grids are nearing saturation occupying nearly two-thirds of the area with urban features at the expense of greenery. Though the progression with respect to urbanization and infrastructure developments is expected, the fallowing and abandonment of land is unanticipated, raising serious questions in the developmental pathways to achieve Sustainable Development Goals in the State of Kerala.

Human mobility has played a critical role in the spread of COVID-19. The understanding of mobility helps in getting information on the acceleration or control of the spread of disease. The COVID-19 virus has been spreading among several locations despite all the best efforts related to its isolation. To comprehend this, a multi-patch mathematical model of COVID-19 is proposed and analysed in this work, where-in limited medical resources, quarantining, and inhibitory behaviour of healthy individuals are incorporated into the model. Furthermore, as an example, the impact of mobility in a three-patch model is studied considering the three worst-hit states of India, i.e. Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, as three patches. Key parameters and the basic reproduction number are estimated from the available data. Through results and analyses, it is seen that Kerala has a higher effective contact rate and has the highest prevalence. Moreover, if Kerala is isolated from Maharashtra or Tamil Nadu, the number of active cases will increase in Kerala but reduce in the other two states. Our findings indicate that the number of active cases will decrease in the high prevalence state and increase in the lower prevalence states if the emigration rate is higher than the immigration rate in the high prevalence state. Overall, proper travel restrictions are to be implemented to reduce or control the spread of disease from the high-prevalence state to other states with lower prevalence rates.

Gall anatomical and metabolic peculiarities are determined by the feeding habit of the gall inducer, but develop under the constraints of the host plants. The chewing habit of the Lepidoptera larvae imposes a high impact on the host plant cells, and supposedly drives peculiar structural and histochemical patterns. So, our starting point was the search of such patterns in literature, and the test of these traits on the Andescecidium parrai (Cecidosidae)-Schinus polygama (Anacardiaceae) system, as a case study in Chilean flora. The literature on the structure of lepidopteran galls in the temperate and tropical regions comprises 13 works, describing stems as the most frequent host organs, followed by leaves, buds, and flowers. As common structural traits of Lepidoptera galls, the literature converge in describing the processes of cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, resulting in a variable number of common storage parenchyma layers, interspersed by the redifferentiated sclerenchyma, vascular, and typical nutritive cells around the larval chamber. These nutritive cells accumulate lipids and proteins, which support the lepidopteran larvae nutrition. As expected, the A. parrai galls follow the patterns herein described for the lepidoptera-induced galls, but with peculiarities associated with its host organ. Even though the Lepidoptera galls have destructive mouthparts and can induce large and complex galls, they cannot alter important conservative features of their hosts\' organs.

暂无摘要。