BACKGROUND: Exophiala dermatitidis is a dematiaceous fungus known to cause superficial, subcutaneous, cutaneous and deep seated infections, and rarely central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). A case of CLABSI due to E. dermatitidis in an infant is described.
METHODS: Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from patient\'s chart and laboratory records. The isolate was identified as E. dermatitidis by phenotypic characterization and sequencing of the ITS and LSU regions of the ribosomal DNA. Medline search was done to review all cases of CLABSI due to E. dermatitidis. Among the azoles tested, posaconazole (0.06mg/l), voriconazole (0.03mg/l) and itraconazole (0.03mg/l) showed very low MICs when compared to fluconazole (4mg/l) CONCLUSIONS: As we did not found in the literature any case of CLABSI due to E. dermatitidis in an infant, we report the first one. Sequencing is a mandatory method for accurately identifying this species. Prompt removal of the central line, followed by a treatment with amphotericin B or an azole, seems to be the most effective treatment.

We describe the evidence of the effects of early life exposures on health and aging during adulthood.
A narrative review of cohorts and systematic reviews of studies initiated early in life and followed up to adulthood was conducted.
Most studies were carried out in developed countries. The long-term effects of birth weight and, to a lesser extent, height at birth on chronic-degenerative diseases, functionality, bone, renal and respiratory pathology, and mortality have been consistent. Breastfeeding is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and functionality. Adiposity, bone pathophysiology, functionality in old age, and high blood pressure are associated with socioeconomic status at birth.
Several exposures from intrauterine life to adolescence that exert discrete but significant effects on adult health have been consistently described. It is necessary to carry out these studies in developing countries.
En este artículo se describe la evidencia acerca de los efectos de las exposiciones tempranas sobre la salud y el envejecimiento en la edad adulta.
Revisión narrativa de cohortes y revisiones sistemáticas de estudios iniciados en la vida temprana y seguidos hasta la edad adulta.
La mayoría de los estudios se realizaron en países desarrollados. Los efectos a largo plazo del peso al nacer, y en menor medida de la talla al nacer, en las enfermedades crónico-degenerativas, la funcionalidad, la fisiopatología ósea, renal y respiratoria, y la mortalidad, han sido consistentes. La lactancia materna se ha asociado con enfermedades metabólicas y cardiovasculares, y con la funcionalidad. La adiposidad, la fisiopatología ósea, la funcionalidad en la vejez y la hipertensión arterial están asociadas con el nivel socioeconómico al nacer.
Diferentes exposiciones desde la vida intrauterina hasta la adolescencia ejercen efectos discretos, pero significativos, sobre la salud de los adultos. Se requiere realizar estos estudios en las poblaciones que viven en países en desarrollo.