最近发布的ChatGPT,OpenAI的聊天机器人研究项目/自然语言处理(NLP)产品,激起了公众和医疗专业人士的轰动,在短时间内积累了庞大的用户群。这是尖端技术“产品化”的典型例子,这使得没有技术背景的公众能够获得人工智能(AI)的第一手经验,类似于AlphaGo(DeepMindTechnologies,英国)和自动驾驶汽车(谷歌,特斯拉,等。).然而,这是至关重要的,特别是对于医疗保健研究人员来说,在炒作中保持谨慎。这项工作提供了有关ChatGPT在医疗保健中使用的现有出版物的系统回顾,阐明ChatGPT在医疗应用中的“现状”,对于一般读者来说,医疗保健专业人员以及NLP科学家。大型生物医学文献数据库PubMed用于使用关键字“ChatGPT”检索有关该主题的已发表作品。进一步提出了包含标准和分类法,以过滤搜索结果并对选定的出版物进行分类。分别。通过审查发现,ChatGPT的当前版本在各种测试中仅达到中等或“通过”性能,对于实际的临床部署来说是不可靠的,因为它不是设计用于临床应用。我们得出的结论是,在(生物)医学数据集上训练的专业NLP模型仍然代表了关键临床应用的正确方向。
The recent release of ChatGPT, a chat bot research project/product of natural language processing (NLP) by OpenAI, stirs up a sensation among both the general public and medical professionals, amassing a phenomenally large user base in a short time. This is a typical example of the \'productization\' of cutting-edge technologies, which allows the general public without a technical background to gain firsthand experience in artificial intelligence (AI), similar to the AI hype created by AlphaGo (DeepMind Technologies, UK) and self-driving cars (Google, Tesla, etc.). However, it is crucial, especially for healthcare researchers, to remain prudent amidst the hype. This work provides a systematic
review of existing publications on the use of ChatGPT in healthcare, elucidating the \'status quo\' of ChatGPT in medical applications, for general readers, healthcare professionals as well as NLP scientists. The large biomedical literature database PubMed is used to retrieve published works on this topic using the keyword \'ChatGPT\'. An inclusion criterion and a taxonomy are further proposed to filter the search results and categorize the selected publications, respectively. It is found through the
review that the current release of ChatGPT has achieved only moderate or \'passing\' performance in a variety of tests, and is unreliable for actual clinical deployment, since it is not intended for clinical applications by design. We conclude that specialized NLP models trained on (bio)medical datasets still represent the right direction to pursue for critical clinical applications.