背景:社会处方计划代表了将初级保健患者与非医疗社区资源联系起来以改善患者福祉的可行解决方案。然而,他们的成功取决于患者需求与当地资源的整合。这种整合可以通过使用表达本体来组织知识资源的数字工具来加速,从而能够无缝导航各种社区干预措施和适合个人用户需求的服务。这种基础设施对老年人特别重要,他们经历了一系列影响他们健康的社会需求,包括社会孤立和孤独。促进知识动员和成功实施社会处方举措以满足老年人的社会需求的一个重要的第一步是纳入关于什么有效的循证学术文献,在社区中提供实地解决方案。
目的:本研究旨在将科学证据与实地知识相结合,以建立与减少老年人社会孤立和孤独感相关的干预术语和关键词的综合列表。
方法:使用搜索策略结合与老年人群相关的术语进行了元审查,社会孤立和孤独,以及与使用5个数据库的综述相关的研究类型。综述提取包括干预特征,结果(社会[例如,孤独,社会孤立,和社会支持]或心理健康[例如,心理健康,抑郁症,和焦虑]),和有效性(报告为一致,混合,或不支持)。从综述的文献中提取与已识别的干预类型相关的术语,以及对蒙特利尔相应社区服务的描述,加拿大,可从基于网络的区域获得,市政,和社区数据源。
结果:元审查确定了11种干预类型,通过增加社交互动来解决老年人的社会孤立和孤独感。提供仪器支持,促进身心健康,或提供家庭和社区护理。以团体为基础的社会活动,有教育因素的支持团体,娱乐活动,培训或使用信息和通信技术在改善成果方面最有效。在社区数据源中可以找到大多数干预类型的示例。从文献中得出的术语与描述现有社区服务的术语最普遍一致,与远程医疗有关,娱乐活动,和心理治疗。然而,在基于审查的术语和处理现有服务的术语之间观察到一些差异.
结论:从文献中发现了一系列有效解决社会孤立和孤独或其对心理健康影响的干预措施。许多这些干预措施在蒙特利尔老年居民可获得的服务中都有代表,加拿大。然而,有时会使用不同的术语来描述或分类跨数据源的类似服务。建立识别和构建此类来源的有效方法对于促进老年人的转介和寻求帮助的行为以及资源的战略规划非常重要。
Social prescription programs represent a viable solution to linking primary care patients to nonmedical community resources for improving patient well-being. However, their success depends on the integration of patient needs with local resources. This integration could be accelerated by digital tools that use expressive ontology to organize knowledge resources, thus enabling the seamless navigation of diverse community interventions and services tailored to the needs of individual users. This infrastructure bears particular relevance for older adults, who experience a range of social needs that impact their health, including social isolation and loneliness. An essential first step in enabling knowledge mobilization and the successful implementation of social prescription initiatives to meet the social needs of older adults is to incorporate the evidence-based academic literature on what works, with on-the-ground solutions in the community.
This study aims to integrate scientific evidence with on-the-ground knowledge to build a comprehensive list of intervention terms and keywords related to reducing social isolation and loneliness in older adults.
A meta-
review was conducted using a search strategy combining terms related to older adult population, social isolation and loneliness, and study types relevant to reviews using 5 databases.
Review extraction included intervention characteristics, outcomes (social [eg, loneliness, social isolation, and social support] or mental health [eg, psychological well-being, depression, and anxiety]), and effectiveness (reported as consistent, mixed, or not supported). Terms related to identified intervention types were extracted from the reviewed literature as well as descriptions of corresponding community services in Montréal, Canada, available from web-based regional, municipal, and community data sources.
The meta-
review identified 11 intervention types addressing social isolation and loneliness in older adults by either increasing social interactions, providing instrumental support, promoting mental and physical well-being, or providing home and community care. Group-based social activities, support groups with educational elements, recreational activities, and training or use of information and communication technologies were the most effective in improving outcomes. Examples of most intervention types were found in community data sources. Terms derived from the literature that were the most commonly congruent with those describing existing community services were related to telehealth, recreational activities, and psychological therapy. However, several discrepancies were observed between
review-based terms and those addressing the available services.
A range of interventions found to be effective at addressing social isolation and loneliness or their impact on mental health were identified from the literature, and many of these interventions were represented in services available to older residents in Montréal, Canada. However, different terms were occasionally used to describe or categorize similar services across data sources. Establishing an efficient means of identifying and structuring such sources is important to facilitate referrals and help-seeking behaviors of older adults and for strategic planning of resources.