背景:面部皮肤特征和外观因种族而异。虽然这些知识大部分来自白种人,最近,亚洲各地区一直在努力获得这种理解。在本文中,我们已经在印度尼西亚建立了对这些特征的理解。在印度尼西亚,一部分女性戴着传统的面纱(头巾)来覆盖头皮和面部的一部分。还研究了头巾对面部皮肤属性的影响。
方法:在一项涉及雅加达419名女性志愿者的横断面观察研究设计中,印度尼西亚,面部皮肤属性(颜色,辐射,水合作用,经表皮失水[TEWL],皱纹,细线,毛孔,和皮脂水平)和条件(黄褐斑,炎症后色素沉着过度(PIH),太阳腹水/老年性腹水,脂溢性角化病和痤疮)由训练有素的操作员和皮肤科医生使用标准的经过验证的仪器和量表进行评估。
结果:随着年龄的增长,面部皮肤颜色显示脸颊变黑;另一方面,额头显示出轻微的发亮。皮肤均匀度和光泽下降,实质上。以线为单位测量的老化属性,皱纹,黑眼圈显示随着年龄的增长而恶化;下降速度逐渐快于颜色变化。面部图像数据分析证实了这些发现。尽管以TEWL测量的皮肤屏障功能随着年龄的增长而改善,但整个年龄组的皮肤水合作用仍然相似。皮肤中的皮脂水平在50岁时相似,但在下一组50-60岁时下降。孔隙严重程度随年龄增长而增加。黄褐斑,脂溢性角化病和PIH在年轻年龄组(20-30岁)的患病率很高(>~50%),本身。41-50岁及以上年龄组黄褐斑患病率达到100%,其严重程度也随着年龄的增长而稳步上升。另一方面,PIH随着年龄的增长而稳定下降。在不同年龄组中,太阳扁桃体的患病率(~30%)没有太大变化,50岁以下年龄组的严重程度评分相似,但51~60岁年龄组的严重程度评分显著增加.脂溢性角化病在20-40岁年龄组中相似(〜47%),但在高年龄组中稳步增加。其严重程度在20-30岁和31-40岁年龄组相似,但在随后的年龄组中增加了两倍。痤疮在20-30岁年龄组为10%,在51-60岁年龄组逐渐下降至0.7%。头巾佩戴者在皮肤颜色变暗和均匀度和光泽的改善方面表现出轻微的保护,但在老化方面相似(鱼尾纹上的细纹和皱纹,眼下和口周区域)标记给非佩戴者。总的来说,在大多数年龄组中,头巾佩戴者的黄褐斑患病率较高,太阳能/老年性扁豆,脂溢性角化病和PIH。
BACKGROUND: Facial skin characteristics and appearance vary according to ethnicity. While much of this knowledge is derived from the Caucasian population, lately there have been efforts to gain such understanding in various regions in Asia. In this paper, we have built an understanding of such features in Indonesia. In Indonesia, a section of females wears a traditional veil (hijab) to cover the scalp and part of face. The influence of the hijab on facial skin attributes was also investigated.
METHODS: In a cross-sectional observational
study design involving 419 female volunteers in Jakarta, Indonesia, facial skin attributes (colour, radiance, hydration, trans-epidermal water loss [TEWL], wrinkles, fine lines, pores, and sebum levels) and conditions (melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), solar lentigines/ senile lentigines, seborrheic keratoses and acne) were assessed by trained operators and dermatologists using standard validated instruments and scales.
RESULTS: With age, facial skin colour showed darkening in cheek; forehead on the other hand showed slight lightening. The skin evenness and radiance decreased, substantially. Aging attributes measured in terms of lines, wrinkles, and under-eye dark circles showed deterioration with age; the decline was progressively faster than colour change. Facial image data analysis corroborated these findings. Skin hydration remained similar across the age groups even though the skin barrier function measured in terms of TEWL improved with age. Sebum levels in the skin were similar up to the age of 50 but declined in the next group of 50-60 year. Pore severity increased with age. Melasma, seborrheic keratosis and PIH showed a high prevalence (>∼50%) at the young age group (20-30 years), itself. Melasma prevalence attained 100% in the age group of 41-50 year and onwards, and its severity similarly showed a steady rise with age. PIH on the other hand showed a steady decline with age. Solar lentigines prevalence (∼30%) did not change much across age groups, and the severity scores were similar in age groups up to 50 year but increased substantially in 51-60-year age groups. Seborrheic keratosis was similar (∼47%) in age groups up 20-40 year but steadily increased in upper age groups. Its severity was similar in the age groups of 20-30 year and 31-40 year but showed a two-fold increase in subsequent age groups. Acne was 10% in the age group of 20-30 year and declined gradually to 0.7% in the 51-60-year age group. Hijab wearers showed slight protection in skin colour darkening and improvement of evenness and radiance but were similar on aging (fine lines and wrinkles on crow\'s feet, under eye and peri-oral areas) markers to non-wearers. In general, in majority of age-groups, hijab wearers showed a higher prevalence of melasma, solar/senile lentigines, seborrheic keratosis and PIH.