目的:讨论现有文献评估锁骨内侧骨phy以评估个体的年龄,使用各种成像方式。
方法:搜索了四个学术研究数据库,以寻找研究活体受试者的研究。其中有几篇文章使用了尸体,一本教科书被用来详细描述锁骨的解剖结构。对39篇文章进行了分析。
结果:文献表明,几种成像方式,包括常规射线照相术,计算机断层扫描,磁共振,和超声波检查,在法医背景下,正在用于评估锁骨内侧骨phy以估计个体的年龄。除了多种模式,研究人员正在使用各种分期分类系统,种族群体,和解释标准来建立参考数据。
结论:需要确定没有有效出生日期文件的参与民事和刑事诉讼的个人的年龄。锁骨是人体中完成融合的最后一根骨头。锁骨在青少年早期开始融合,并在20年代后期完成内侧骨phy融合。锁骨融合的年龄范围为18至21岁。多个变量影响最终年龄估计,包括口译员的经验,个人的社会经济阶层或原籍地区,和成像模式内的限制。
结论:计算机断层扫描是使用锁骨内侧骨phy估算法医年龄的首选方式。放射技师应该认识到当前的法医年龄估计做法,未来的研究应继续提供参考数据,以提高那些缺乏出生日期记录的个体的年龄估计的准确性。
OBJECTIVE: To discuss current literature evaluating the medial clavicular epiphysis to assess an individual\'s age using various imaging modalities.
METHODS: Four scholarly research databases were searched to find studies that examined living subjects. Several articles were included that used cadavers, and a textbook was used to detail the anatomy of the clavicle. Thirty-nine articles were analyzed.
RESULTS: The literature indicated that several imaging modalities, including conventional radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and sonography, are being used to evaluate the medial clavicular epiphysis to estimate an individual\'s age in the forensic context. In addition to multiple modalities, researchers are using various staging classification systems, ethnic groups, and interpreter criteria to establish reference data.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to determine the age of individuals involved in civil and criminal proceedings who do not have valid birth date documentation. The clavicle is the last bone in the human body to complete fusion. The clavicle begins to fuse in the early teens and completes medial epiphyseal fusion in the late 20s. Clavicle fusion spans the legally significant age range of 18 through 21. Multiple variables influence the final age estimation, including interpreters\' experience, the individual\'s socioeconomic class or area of origin, and limitations within the imaging modalities.
CONCLUSIONS: Computed tomography is the modality of choice for forensic age estimation using the medial clavicular epiphysis. Radiologic technologists should be cognizant of current forensic age estimation practices, and future research should continue to provide reference data to improve accuracy of age estimation in those individuals who lack documentation of their date of birth.