Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is still a time-critical and life-threatening clinical picture. If exploration of the abdominal cavity is necessary during treatment, an intraoperative assessment of which segments of the intestines have a sufficient potential for recovery must be made. These decisions are mostly based on purely clinical parameters, which are subject to high level of uncertainty. This review article provides an overview of how this decision-making process and the determination of resection margins can be improved using technical aids, such as laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography or hyperspectral imaging (HSI). Furthermore, this article compiles guideline recommendations on the role of laparoscopy and the value of a planned second-look laparotomy. In addition, an overview of strategies for preventing short bowel syndrome is given and other aspects, such as the timing and technical aspects of placement of a preternatural anus and an anastomosis are highlighted.
UNASSIGNED: Die akute mesenteriale Ischämie (AMI) stellt weiterhin ein zeitkritisches und bedrohliches Krankheitsbild dar. Ist im Rahmen der Therapie eine Exploration des Abdomens erforderlich, muss intraoperativ eingeschätzt werden, welche Darmabschnitte ein ausreichendes Erholungspotenzial aufweisen. Diese Entscheidungen basieren meist auf rein klinischen Parametern, die ein hohes Fehlerpotenzial aufweisen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel fasst zusammen, wie Entscheidungsprozesse und die Festlegung von Resektionsgrenzen durch technische Hilfsmittel wie Laser-Doppler-Flowmetrie (LDF), Indocyaningrün(ICG)-Fluoreszenzangiographie oder hyperspektrale Bildgebung (HSI) verbessert werden können. Darüber hinaus stellt dieser Artikel Leitlinienempfehlungen zur Rolle der Laparoskopie und zum Wert einer geplanten Second-Look-Laparotomie zusammen. Außerdem wird ein Überblick über Strategien zur Verhinderung eines Kurzdarmsyndroms gegeben und weitere Aspekte wie das Timing und technische Aspekte von Anus-praeter- und Anastomosenanlagen beleuchtet.

This review outlines the advances achieved in monitoring natural and anthropogenic plant stressors by hyperspectral remote sensing over the last 50 years. A broad diversity of methods based on field and imaging spectroscopy were developed in that field for precision farming and environmental monitoring purposes. From the 466 articles reviewed, we identified the main factors to consider to achieve accurate monitoring of plant stress, namely: The plant species and the stressor to monitor, the goal (detection or quantification), and scale (field or broad-scale) of monitoring, and the need for controlled experiments. Based on these factors, we then provide recommendations and guidelines for the development of reliable methods to monitor 11 major biotic and abiotic plant stressors. For each stressor, the effects on plant health and reflectance are described and the most suited spectral regions, scale, spatial resolution, and processing approaches to achieve accurate monitoring are presented. As a perspective, we discuss two major components that should be implemented in future methods to improve stress monitoring: The discrimination of plant stressors with similar effects on plants and the transferability of the methods across scales.