全球,传统使用草药是治疗各种寄生虫感染的常见做法。在印度,镰刀树皮汤(L.)库尔兹。(Bignoniaceae)被用作治疗肠道蠕虫感染的传统药物。这项研究调查了O.indicum的甲醇树皮提取物对小膜状膜(Cestoda)的驱虫功效,使用体外和体内方法。利用迷你问卷,首先,我们收集了有关这种植物驱虫药使用模式的信息。稍后,10、20和30mg/ml的提取物对人工排出的幼体和成虫H.diminuta蠕虫的体外功效进行了测试。在这里,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)也被用来确定提取物对幼年和成虫的被膜表面的可能影响。在体内,提取物在白化病大鼠模型中以250、500和1000mg/kg进行测试,反对青少年和成年食宿。吡喹酮(PZQ)在驱虫试验中用作参考药物。提取物的急性毒性按照OECD指南进行测定。现场问卷调查数据显示,该地区78%的人使用O.in茎树皮对抗肠道蠕虫,其中,75%的人也认为这是非常有效的驱虫药。提取物的体外测试显示对幼虫有显着影响,和30mg/ml的提取物在初始阶段(0.25±0.00h)导致青少年死亡。相反,PZQ(1mg/ml)在0.44±0.04和1.11±0.06h显示幼体麻痹和死亡率,分别。由SEM测定,在体外暴露于提取物显示出对幼虫和成虫的皱纹形式的实质性影响,扭曲的外皮和侵蚀的微裂片。体内研究显示,提取物对幼体的疗效优于成体阶段的寄生虫。用1000mg/kg的提取物治疗大鼠导致EPG计数减少79.3%,蠕虫计数减少70.8%,这与PZQ的疗效比较好。在急性毒性研究中,小鼠单次口服2000mg/kg提取物在2周观察中未引起任何毒性或死亡迹象.因此,提取物的LD50估计大于2000mg/kg。总之,O.in的树皮提取物对幼虫和成虫H.diminuta蠕虫具有浓度依赖性作用,因此,该提取物有望控制肠道蠕虫酶。这也支持了人们对这种植物在传统医学中作为驱虫药的声誉的普遍信念。需要标准化该植物的制剂,以便它们将来可能用作标准化的草药驱虫药。
Worldwide, traditional usage of herbal medicines is a common practice to treat various parasitic infections. In India, bark decoction of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz. (Bignoniaceae) is used as a traditional medicine to cure intestinal-helminthic infections. This
study investigated the anthelmintic efficacy of methanolic bark extract of O. indicum on Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda), using both in vitro and in vivo methods. Utilizing a mini-questionnaire, first, we collected information about the pattern of anthelmintic use of this plant. Later, in vitro efficacy of extract was tested at 10, 20 and 30 mg/ml on both the artificially excysted juveniles and adult H. diminuta worms. Herein, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also utilized to determine the possible effects of extract on tegumental surfaces of juvenile and adult cestode. In vivo, extract was tested at 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg in H. diminuta albino rat model, against juvenile and adult cestode. Praziquantel (PZQ) served as reference drug in anthelmintic assays. The acute toxicity of extract was determined as per the OECD guidelines. The field questionnaire data revealed that 78 % of people in the area use O. indicum stem bark against intestinal helminths, and of these, 75 % of people also believed it highly efficacious anthelmintic remedy. In vitro testing of extract revealed significant effects on juvenile worms, and 30 mg/ml of extract caused mortality of juveniles at the initial period (0.25 ± 0.00 h). Conversely, PZQ (1 mg/ml) showed paralysis and mortality of juvenile cestodes in 0.44 ± 0.04 and 1.11 ± 0.06 h, respectively. As determined by SEM, in vitro exposure to extract showed substantial effects on both juveniles and adult worms in the form of wrinkled scolex, distorted tegument and eroded microtriches. In vivo
study revealed better efficacy of extract against juveniles than adult stages of parasite. Treatment of rats with 1000 mg/kg of extract caused 79.3 % reduction in EPG counts and 70.8 % of reduction in worm counts, which compared well to PZQ efficacy. In acute toxicity
study, administration of a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg of extract to mice did not cause any signs of toxicity or mortality within 2-week observation. Hence, the LD50 of extract was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. In conclusion, the bark extract of O. indicum possesses concentration-dependent effects against the larval and adult H. diminuta worms, and thus the extract holds promise in the control of intestinal helminthiases. This also supports the common belief of people about the reputation of this plant as anthelmintic in traditional medicine. There is a need to standardize the formulations of this plant for their possible use as standardized herbal anthelmintic agents in the future.