BACKGROUND: CD36-deficient individuals may produce anti-CD36 antibodies through antigenic exposure to CD36, in situations including blood transfusions. Therefore, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from CD36-positive donors to CD36-negative patients remains a challenge.
METHODS: A 64-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia became refractory to platelet transfusions during chemotherapy. Anti-CD36 antibodies without anti-HLA antibodies were detected in serum, and the absence of CD36 expression on platelets and monocytes confirmed type I CD36 deficiency. The patient achieved complete remission, and received maintenance therapy with CD36-negative platelet transfusions. However, he relapsed soon afterward, and thus underwent peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from a CD36-positive unrelated donor. The anti-CD36 antibody titer had decreased before the transplant, and the PBSCT-course was uneventful. The patient has been well without any complications associated with CD36 status mismatch.
CONCLUSIONS: The few reports of allogeneic HSCT in patients with CD36 deficiency have suggested that anti-CD36 antibodies could be involved in several post-transplant complications, such as delayed platelet recovery, transfusion refractoriness, and transfusion-related acute lung injury. Our present case confirmed that stem cell transplantation from CD36-positive donors to negative patients is feasible, when it includes careful prior assessment of anti-CD36 antibody titers and interventions to attenuate them.

To investigate the long-term clinical efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for patients with human herpes virus 8 (HHV8)-positive multicentric Castleman\'s disease (MCD).
A 17-year-old female patient was admitted to Henan Provincial People\'s Hospital with the complaint of febrile for half a month, headache, and enlarged superficial lymph nodes on October 5, 2010. HHV8-positive mixed cellular Castleman\'s disease was found by pathological diagnosis of lymph nodes biopsy. After the administration of CHOP and Hyper-CVAD-B, the patient was still febrile, we administrated the followed COAP, two courses of VAD(Vincristine, Adriamycin, Dexamethasone), the patient received CR. Six months after CR, the patient relapsed, we administrated VAD and two courses of bortezomide+dexamethasone chemotherapy, and then the patient received PR. After that, the patient underwent allo-HSCT from his human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched unrelated donor after conditioning with Bu/Cy+Etoposide+Smoustin.graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, which consisted of ATG (7.5 mg/kg, qd, ivdrip) from d-5 to d-2, cyclosporine (3 mg/kg/d, qd, ivdrip, for 24 h) started from day-1, MMF(0.5 g, tid, po.) started from day+1 to +28, and MTX (15 mg per time, ivdrip, d+1,+4,+7,+11). She received 3.5×106/L CD34+cells and 8.1×108/LMNC.
Granulocyte engraftment occurred on day+12, platelet engrafted on day+14. Bone marrow biopsy showed normalization of trilineage hematopoiesis on day+33, chimerism: 97.6%. The transplantation was successful and followed up for 7 years with CR.
Allo-HSCT might cure patients with refractory/relapsed HHV8+ MCD.

暂无摘要。

OBJECTIVE: HLA-C*07:66 is a low-incidence HLA-C allele. The aim of the study is to report the Taiwanese and mainland Chinese ethnicities of individuals with C*07:66, together with its uniqueness and polymorphism.
METHODS: A sequence-based typing method was employed to confirm this low-incidence allele. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify exons 2, 3, and 4 of the HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C loci and exon 2 of the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 loci using group-specific primer sets. The amplicons were sequenced in both directions using BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction kit. The blood donors in this study consisted of randomized Taiwanese and mainland Chinese individuals and family members with the C*07:66 allele.
RESULTS: The DNA sequence of C*07:66 is identical to that of C*07:02:01:01 for exons 2, 3, and 4, except for residue 688 in exon 4. This nucleotide substitution causes a single amino acid alteration to the protein sequence of C*07:02:01:01. Confirmation of the DNA and protein sequences of C*07:66 and the Taiwanese and mainland Chinese ethnicities of individuals with this allele were established in this study. One probable HLA C*07:66-associated HLA haplotype may be deduced from these individuals.
CONCLUSIONS: The information on the ethnicity of the C*07:66 allele and the deduced probable HLA haplotype associated with the low-incidence C*07:66 allele reported in this study may aid in HLA testing laboratories for reference purposes. In addition, they can be used by stem cell transplant donor search coordinators to help create, for patients bearing this uncommon HLA allele, strategies for finding compatible donors using bone marrow donor registries comprising unrelated individuals.

OBJECTIVE: HLA-C*04:82 is a low incidence HLA-C allele. The aim here is to report the ethnicity of C*04:82 and its associated HLA haplotypes among Taiwanese individuals.
METHODS: A sequence-based typing method was used to confirm this low incidence allele. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify exons 2 and 3 of the HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C loci and exon 2 of the HLA-DRB1 locus using group-specific primer sets. The amplicons were sequenced in both directions using Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction kits and the manufacturer\'s protocols. The potential unrelated bone marrow stem cell donors in this study were randomized individuals with Taiwanese ethnicity who participated in the Tzu Chi Bone Marrow Donor Registry. The family members in the family part of the study were volunteer blood donors.
RESULTS: The DNA sequence of C*04:82 was identical to C*04:01:01:01 in exons 2, 3, and 4. It differed from C*04:01:01:01 in exon 5 where a segment of nucleotides (CTAGCTGTC) was inserted between residues 969 and 970 of C*04:01:01:01. The insertion of these nucleotides caused a 35 amino acid alteration to the protein sequence of C*04:01:01:01. Three probable HLA haplotypes that were associated with C*04:82 among Taiwanese individuals were deduced. Confirmation of the DNA and protein sequences of C*04:82 and its Taiwanese ethnicity were established in this study.
CONCLUSIONS: The ethnicity of the C*04:82 allele and the deduced probable HLA haplotypes associated with the low-incidence C*04:82 allele are of value for reference purposes for HLA testing laboratories. In addition, they can be used by search coordinators to aid the creation of a strategy for finding compatible stem cell donors for patients who carry this uncommon HLA allele.

OBJECTIVE: HLA-C*07:359 is a low-incidence allele in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C locus. The objective of this study is to report the ethnicity and haplotypes of HLA-C*07:359 that were found during an analysis of Taiwanese unrelated bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell donors.
METHODS: A sequence-based typing method was employed to confirm low-incidence al-leles. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify exon 2 and exon 3 of the HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C loci, as well as exon 2 of the HLA-DRB1 locus, using group-specific primer sets. The amplicons were sequenced in both directions using BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction kits, according to the manufacturer\'s protocols. The potential unrelated bone marrow stem cell donors investigated here are individuals with Taiwanese ethnicity who are participating in the Tzu Chi Bone Marrow Donor Registry.
RESULTS: The DNA sequence of C*07:359 is identical to that of C*07:02:01:01 in exons 2, 3, and 4 except at residue 862, where the G of C*07:02:01:01 is substituted by the A of C*07:359. The nucleotide exchange leads to an amino acid replacement at codon 264, where the glutamic acid of C*07:02:01:01 is replaced by the lysine of C*07:359. We deduced a probable HLA-B and HLA-C haplotype that is associated with C*07:359 in Taiwanese, namely B*39-C*07:359.
CONCLUSIONS: Information on the ethnicity of the C*07:359 allele and its deduced probable HLA haplotypes that are associated with the low-incidence C*07:359 allele reported here are of value to HLA testing laboratories for reference purposes. In addition, they can be used by stem cell transplantation donor search coordinators to determine a strategy for finding compatible donors using unrelated bone marrow donor registries when patients carry this uncommon HLA allele.

OBJECTIVE: HLA-DRB1*16:35 is a low incidence allele in the HLA-DRB1 locus. The objective of this study is to report the ethnicity of DRB1*16:35 and its deduced probable HLA associated haplotype in two Taiwanese unrelated bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell donors and to determine its variation from DRB1*16:02:01 and DRB1*16:01:01.
METHODS: A sequence-based typing method was employed to confirm the low incidence allele DRB1*16:35. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify exon 2 and exon 3 of the HLA-A and HLA-B loci and exon 2 of the HLA-DRB1 locus using group-specific primer sets. The amplicons were sequenced employing BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction kits in both directions according to the manufacturer\'s protocols.
RESULTS: The DNA sequence of DRB1*16:35 is identical to DRB1*16:02:01 in exons 2, except for residue 364 where the C of DRB1*16:02:01 is replaced by the T of DRB1*16:35 (codon 93, CGG->TGG). The nucleotide exchange leads to an amino acid alteration to the protein sequence of DRB1*16:02:01 at residue 93 where the arginine (R) of DRB1*16:02:01 is changed to the tryptophan (W) of DRB1*16:35. We deduced the probable HLA haplotype in association with DRB1*16:35 in Taiwanese to be A*11-B*13- DRB1*16:35.
CONCLUSIONS: Information on the deduced probable HLA haplotype in association with the low incidence DRB1*16:35 allele that we report here is of value for HLA testing laboratories for reference purposes. In addition, it can be used by stem cell transplantation donor search coordinators to determine a strategy for finding compatible donors in unrelated bone marrow donor registries when a patient has this uncommon HLA allele.