高海拔暴露的血液学和代谢益处已在运动员中广泛研究,因为它们具有有希望的表现增强作用。然而,尽管增加了各种高空协议的研究和开发,以实现峰值性能,结果在个体水平上的可重复性仍然很少.为了系统地解决这一局限性,并建立一种更有效的方法来在个人层面上取得一致的结果,我们分两个阶段对一名优秀耐力运动员进行了多维研究。在阶段1中,我们应用了LHTH(Live-High-Train-High)的标准协议,在家,normobaric,SHTL(Sleep-High-Train-Low)模型下的高空模拟帐篷。然后,我们制定了运动员在淡季期间的峰值血液学参数的个性化方案。该方案确定了达到峰值血液学参数所需的确切总高原暴露时间,就这个运动员而言,共45晚,每晚约8小时。在第2阶段中,我们在运动员的赛季中复制了第1阶段方案,并观察到与第1阶段相比相同或甚至更高的血液学和代谢益处。在这两个阶段,我们收集了数千个多维数据点,以确保运动员的生活方式和环境因素保持稳定,并增加主要由高海拔暴露引起的生理变化的可能性。这两个阶段的数据趋势验证了,对于这位运动员来说,血液学测量,如红细胞计数,血细胞比容,和血红蛋白,以及电解质含量,在总共约15天的高海拔暴露(45晚,每晚约8小时,总计360小时或15天)后,体重和肠道微生物组组成改善至个人最佳值.在LHTH协议建议的21天后,这些改进并未发生,突出了针对峰值性能参数设计的高海拔协议中个性化的重要性。因此,最大限度地提高血液学和其他代谢值的益处,从而通过高海拔暴露增加肌肉氧供应和峰值有氧能力,每个运动员可能需要一个独特的总持续时间的高海拔暴露适合他们的个人生理.该持续时间必须由它们在血液学峰值中的特定反应来确定。因此,与仅遵循通用方案相比,通过确定运动员在淡季期间的血液学峰值所需的高海拔暴露总持续时间,并在淡季期间应用该方案,初步为运动员建立个性化方案可能会带来更成功和可重复的益处.
The hematologic and metabolic benefits of high altitude exposure have been extensively studied in athletes due to their promising performance enhancing effects. However, despite the increased research and development of various high altitude protocols for achieving peak performance, the reproducibility of the results at the individual level remains sparse. To systematically address this limitation and establish a more effective method to achieve consistent results at the individual level, we conducted a multi-dimensional study of one elite endurance athlete in two Phases. In Phase 1, we applied the standard protocol of LHTH (Live-High-Train-High) using a commercially available, at-home, normobaric, high altitude simulation tent under the SHTL (Sleep-High-Train-Low) model. Then, we developed the athlete\'s personalized protocol for peak hematologic parameters during their off-season. This protocol determined the exact total high altitude exposure time required to achieve peak hematologic parameters, which in the
case of this athlete, amounted to 45 nights with approximately 8hrs per night. In Phase 2, we replicated the Phase 1 protocol during the athlete\'s in-season and observed the same or even higher hematologic and metabolic benefits compared to Phase 1. During both phases, we collected thousands of multi-dimensional data points to ensure that the athlete\'s lifestyle and environmental factors remained stable, and to increase the likelihood that physiological changes resulted primarily from the high altitude exposure. The data trends in both Phases validated that, for this athlete, hematologic measures such as red blood cell count,
hematocrit, and hemoglobin, as well as electrolyte content, body weight and gut microbiome composition improved to their personal best values after a total of approximately 15 days of high altitude exposure (45 nights with roughly 8hrs per night totaling 360hrs or 15days). These improvements did not occur after the 21 days recommended by the LHTH protocol highlighting the significance of personalization in high altitude protocols that are designed for peak performance parameters. Therefore, to maximize the benefits in hematologic and other metabolic values and thus increase muscle oxygen supply and peak aerobic capacity through high altitude exposure, each athlete may require a unique total duration of high altitude exposure tailored to their individual physiology. This duration must be determined by their specific response in hematologic peaking. Therefore, initially establishing a personalized protocol for an athlete by determining their required total duration of high altitude exposure for peak hematologic values during their off-season and applying this protocol during their in-season phase may lead to more successful and reproducible benefits compared to following a generalized protocol alone.