在中国和其他地区,煤矿区的土壤污染是一个严重的环境问题。在这项研究中,从大竹某煤矿区采集地表和垂直剖面土壤样品,中国西南部。显微观察,浓度,化学形态,统计分析,空间分布,并采用风险评估方法对重金属污染进行评估。结果表明,含煤砂岩的风化和采矿活动是土壤污染的主要原因。铁的浓度,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mn,Cd,Hg,Pb超过了背景值。Cd造成的污染最严重,并且与严重污染的土壤有关。大多数金属的残余部分占主导地位,除Cd和Mn外,其中可还原分数占优势(Cd:55.17%;Mn:81.16%)。Zn,Ni,Cd,和铜呈现相似的分布模式,汞和砷也具有相似的分布特征。因素1代表人为和岩性来源,受采矿活动影响;因素2代表人为来源,例如,化肥和交通污染;因素3代表了土壤形成母体材料中金属的贡献。超过一半的研究区存在较高的污染风险,不适合种植蔬菜。
Soil pollution in coal mining areas is a serious environmental problem in China and elsewhere. In this
study, surface and vertical profile soil samples were collected from a coal mine area in Dazhu, Southwestern China. Microscopic observation, concentrations, chemical speciation, statistical analysis, spatial distribution, and risk assessment were used to assess heavy metal pollution. The results show that the weathering of coal-bearing sandstone and mining activities substantially contributed to soil pollution. The concentrations of Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Hg, and Pb exceeded their background values. Cd caused the most intense pollution and was associated with heavily-extremely contaminated soils. The residual fraction was dominant for most metals, except Cd and Mn, for which the reducible fraction was dominant (Cd: 55.17%; Mn: 81.16%). Zn, Ni, Cd, and Cu presented similar distribution patterns, and Hg and As also shared similar distribution characteristics. Factor 1 represented anthropogenic and lithologic sources, which were affected by mining activities; Factor 2 represented anthropogenic sources, e.g., fertilizers and traffic pollution; and Factor 3 represented the contribution of metals from soil-forming parent material. More than half of the
study area had high pollution risk and was not suitable for vegetable cultivation.