烟草广告的接触和密度差异是公认的;然而,目前尚不清楚电子烟和加热烟草产品(HTP)广告如何因年龄而异,教育,性别,性别认同,种族/民族,性取向,社会经济地位(SES),和/或城市/农村地区。通过范围审查,我们试图确定不同人群在接触电子烟和HTP广告和促销方面的潜在差异.
2020年1月,在五个数据库中进行了系统的文献检索:PubMed,Scopus,Embase,WebofScience,还有Cochrane图书馆.搜索于2020年10月更新。报道不同年龄接触电子烟和/或HTP广告和促销的文章,教育,性别,性别认同,种族/民族,性取向,SES,和/或城市/农村地区被纳入全文审查(n=25)。其中,15个被认为与数据提取相关。
大多数研究来自美国(n=12)和横截面(n=14)。研究在2014年至2020年之间发表,重点是确定造成差异的因果关系;只有一项研究评估了HTP广告和促销。在个人层面评估电子烟和HTP广告的暴露(例如,回忆起在电视上看到的广告)和在邻里层面(例如,销售点的广告密度)。研究解决了不同年龄的差异(n=6),教育(n=2),性别(n=6),性别认同和性取向(n=3),种族/民族(n=11),SES(n=5),和城市/农村(n=2)。以下人群更有可能接触到电子烟广告:年轻人,那些拥有高中以上文凭的人,男性,性和性别少数群体,Whites,和城市居民。在邻里层面,电子烟广告在非白人社区更为普遍。
电子烟/HTP广告的暴露程度因社会人口统计学特征而异,尽管文献有限,特别是关于HTPs。年轻人中更高的接触可能会增加与烟草有关的差异,因为它可能导致尼古丁/烟草的使用。研究应从一开始就纳入并应用健康公平视角,以获取数据,为消除这些差异提供信息。
Disparities in exposure to and density of tobacco advertising are well established; however, it is still unclear how e-cigarette and heated tobacco product (HTP) advertising vary by age, education, sex, gender identity, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status (SES), and/or urban/rural area. Through a scoping
review, we sought to identify potential disparities in exposure to e-cigarette and HTP advertising and promotion across populations.
In January 2020, a systematic literature search was conducted in five databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The search was updated in October 2020. Articles reporting on exposure to e-cigarette and/or HTP advertising and promotion across age, education, sex, gender identity, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, SES, and/or urban/rural areas were included for full-text
review (n = 25). Of those, 15 were deemed relevant for data extraction.
The majority of the studies were from the U.S. (n = 12) and cross-sectional (n = 14). Studies were published between 2014 and 2020 and focused on determining causal relationships that underlie disparities; only one study assessed HTP advertising and promotion. Exposure to e-cigarette and HTP advertising was assessed at the individual-level (e.g., recall seeing ads on television) and at the neighborhood-level (e.g., ad density at the point-of-sale). Studies addressed differences across age (n = 6), education (n = 2), sex (n = 6), gender identity and sexual orientation (n = 3), race/ethnicity (n = 11), SES (n = 5), and urban/rural (n = 2). The following populations were more likely to be exposed to e-cigarette advertising: youth, those with more than a high school diploma, males, sexual and gender minorities, Whites, and urban residents. At the neighborhood-level, e-cigarette advertisements were more prevalent in non-White neighborhoods.
Exposure to e-cigarette/HTP advertising varies based on sociodemographic characteristics, although the literature is limited especially regarding HTPs. Higher exposure among youth might increase tobacco-related disparities since it can lead to nicotine/tobacco use. Research should incorporate and apply a health equity lens from its inception to obtain data to inform the elimination of those disparities.