BACKGROUND: Emerging research has explored hands-on meal preparation as a strategy to improve children\'s nutrition-related outcomes. This scoping review was conducted to describe the extent of studies on children\'s involvement in hands-on meal preparation and the related psychosocial outcomes, actual nutrition behaviour/food consumption and weight status.
METHODS: Scoping review methodology was used to select relevant studies, as well as extract and collate the data. Four databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) were searched from the earliest available time up to December 2020. Observational studies, experimental studies and reviews that were conducted among children aged 5-12 years old and published from 2010 to 2020 were retrieved. Studies extracted involved children in hands-on healthy meal preparation activities and explored the associated nutrition outcomes.
RESULTS: In total, 28 studies (5 observational studies, 21 experimental studies, 2 reviews) were included in the final review. Studies conducted demonstrated improvement in children\'s psychosocial outcomes and actual nutrition behaviour/food consumption after participating in hands-on meal preparation activities, despite differences in methodology, programme content and settings (countries/cultural origins). Limited studies assessed children\'s nutrients intake and weight status.
CONCLUSIONS: The current review suggests that hands-on meal preparation comprises approach for instilling positive perceptions towards nutrition/healthy foods, potentially improving children\'s diet. Future studies should include the assessment of nutrient intake and weight status. The long-term sustainability of these nutrition outcomes should be explored.

BACKGROUND: Perineal trauma at the time of vaginal delivery is common, and when the anal sphincter is included, these injuries can be associated with additional morbidity including incontinence, pelvic pain, and sexual dysfunction.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate whether a hands-on technique during vaginal delivery results in less incidence of perineal trauma than a hands-off technique.
METHODS: Electronic databases were searched from their inception until June 2018. No restrictions for language or geographic location were applied. The reference lists of identified articles were examined to identify studies not captured by electronic searches. Randomized controlled trials comparing a hands-on technique of perineal support during vaginal delivery (i.e. intervention group) with a hands-off technique (i.e. control group) were included in the meta-analysis. Hands-on was defined as involving one hand on the fetal head, applying pressure to control expulsion, with the other hand applying pressure on the maternal perineum. The primary outcome was severe perineal trauma, defined as either third- or fourth-degree lacerations. The meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird, to produce summary treatment effects in terms of relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS: Five trials, including 7287 women, were analyzed. All studies included singleton gestations with cephalic presentation at term undergoing spontaneous vaginal delivery. Women randomized to the hands-on technique had similar incidence of severe perineal trauma (1.5 versus 1.3%; RR 2.00, 95% CI 0.56-7.15). There was no significant between-group difference in the incidence of intact perineum, first-, second- and fourth-degree laceration. Hands-on technique was associated with increased risk of third-degree lacerations (2.6 versus 0.7%; RR 3.41, 95% CI 1.39-8.37) and of episiotomy (13.6 versus 9.8%, RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.14-2.22) compared to the hands-off technique.
CONCLUSIONS: Hands-on technique during spontaneous vaginal delivery of singleton gestations results in similar incidence of several perineal traumas compared to a hands-off technique. The incidence of third-degree lacerations and of episiotomy increases with the hands-on technique. Key Message A hands-on technique during vaginal delivery results in similar incidence of severe lacerations compared to hands-off.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with long-lasting pain problems often complain of lack of confidence and trust in their body. Through physical experiences and reflections they can develop a more positive body- and self-experience. Body awareness has been suggested as an approach for treating patients with chronic pain and other psychosomatic conditions. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of body awareness interventions (BAI) in fibromyalgia (FM) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).
METHODS: Two independent readers conducted a search on Medline, Cochrane Central, PsycINFO, Web of knowledge, PEDro and Cinahl for randomized controlled trials.
RESULTS: We identified and screened 7.107 records of which 29 articles met the inclusion criteria. Overall, there is evidence that BAI has positive effects on the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) (MD -5.55; CI -8.71 to -2.40), pain (SMD -0.39, CI -0.75 to -0.02), depression (SMD -0.23, CI -0.39 to -0.06), anxiety (SMD -0.23, CI -0.44 to -0.02) and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) (SMD 0.62, CI 0.35-0.90) when compared with control conditions. The overall heterogeneity is very strong for FIQ (I(2) 92%) and pain (I(2) 97%), which cannot be explained by differences in control condition or type of BAI (hands-on/hands-off). The overall heterogeneity for anxiety, depression and HRQoL ranges from low to moderate (I(2) 0%-37%).
CONCLUSIONS: Body awareness seems to play an important role in anxiety, depression and HRQoL. Still, interpretations have to be done carefully since the lack of high quality studies.

BACKGROUND: vaginal birth is often accompanied with perineal trauma that affects postpartum morbidity. There are many techniques for protecting the perineum from injury during childbirth. The Hands-On or Hands Poised (HOOP) study (McCandlish et al., 1998) was the first trial that compared different techniques of perineal protection during the second stage of labour with very little research subsequently being undertaken.
OBJECTIVE: to systematically review all available literature that compares the hands-on and hands-poised techniques of perineal management during the second stage of labour.
METHODS: using the principles of a modified systematic literature review, quantitative, comparative and primary research studies were selected. These were assessed for quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) framework including a data extraction form. The results were reported narratively.
RESULTS: five studies were included and outlined the importance of both techniques. The hands-poised technique appeared to cause less perineal trauma and reduced rates of episiotomy. The hands-on technique resulted in increased perineal pain after birth and higher rates of postpartum haemorrhage.
CONCLUSIONS: as the five studies selected for this review have widely differing variables, comparisons that have been drawn must be viewed with caution. Evidence would suggest that the hands-poised technique is a safe and recommended technique for perineal management and discussions of such a technique should be included in all midwifery education and training programmes. The challenge for midwives is how to support women in making informed choices about perineal management during childbirth. Until there is conclusive evidence, the choice of the hands-on or hands-poised technique will ultimately be determined by the clinical judgment of the individual midwife at the time of birth. Further research is recommended. Thorough conclusions could significantly impact on reducing postpartum morbidity and improving women\'s sexual health and well-being in the long term, throughout the world.