超市是实施环境干预措施以改善健康饮食的自然和重要环境,和政府政策可以帮助提高在这种情况下购买的营养质量。这篇综述旨在:(1)确定美国政府的政策,包括联邦政府的监管和立法行动,部落,state,和地方政府,旨在促进超市的健康选择;(2)综合这些政策对零售商的影响的证据,消费者,和社区健康。我们搜索了五个政策数据库,并制定了符合我们纳入标准的七项政策行动清单:超市中预制食品的卡路里标签;增加美国农业部(USDA)补充营养援助计划(SNAP)的福利;购买水果和蔬菜的财政激励措施;加糖饮料税;美国农业部妇女特别补充营养计划的修订,婴儿,和儿童(WIC)食品包装;为超市在服务不足的地区开业提供财政援助;并允许通过SNAP在线购买。我们搜索了PubMed,Econlit,PsycINFO,WebofScience,和最终确定同行评审的业务来源,学术,直到2020年1月的任何时候都有英语文献发表;该综述包括147项研究。加糖饮料税,WIC食品包装的修订,水果和蔬菜的经济激励与饮食行为(食物购买和/或消费)的改善相关。向超市提供经济激励措施,使其在服务不足的地区开业,并增加SNAP福利与食品采购或饮食质量的变化无关,但可能会改善粮食安全。需要更多的研究来了解超市和在线SNAP购买中卡路里标签的影响。
Supermarkets are natural and important settings for implementing environmental interventions to improve healthy eating, and governmental policies could help improve the nutritional quality of purchases in this setting. This
review aimed to: (1) identify governmental policies in the United States (U.S.), including regulatory and legislative actions of federal, tribal, state, and local governments, designed to promote healthy choices in supermarkets; and (2) synthesize evidence of these policies\' effects on retailers, consumers, and community health. We searched five policy databases and developed a list of seven policy actions that meet our inclusion criteria: calorie labeling of prepared foods in supermarkets; increasing U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits; financial incentives for the purchase of fruit and vegetables; sweetened beverage taxes; revisions to the USDA Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food package; financial assistance for supermarkets to open in underserved areas; and allowing online purchases with SNAP. We searched PubMed, Econlit, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Business Source Ultimate to identify peer-reviewed, academic, English-language literature published at any time until January 2020; 147 studies were included in the
review. Sweetened beverage taxes, revisions to the WIC food package, and financial incentives for fruits and vegetables were associated with improvements in dietary behaviors (food purchases and/or consumption). Providing financial incentives to supermarkets to open in underserved areas and increases in SNAP benefits were not associated with changes in food purchasing or diet quality but may improve food security. More research is needed to understand the effects of calorie labeling in supermarkets and online SNAP purchasing.