术语垂体炎用于指一组异质性的垂体疾病，其特征是存在腺垂体的炎性浸润。神经垂体,或者两者兼而有之。虽然垂体炎是罕见的疾病，临床实践中最常见的是淋巴细胞性垂体炎，以淋巴细胞浸润为特征的原发性垂体炎，主要影响女性。其他形式的原发性垂体炎与不同的自身免疫疾病相关。垂体炎也可能继发于其他疾病，如鞍和鞍旁疾病，全身性疾病,副肿瘤综合征,感染,和毒品，包括免疫检查点抑制剂。诊断评估应始终包括垂体功能检查和其他基于可疑诊断的分析测试。垂体磁共振成像是对垂体炎进行形态学评估的首选研究。糖皮质激素是治疗大多数症状性垂体炎的主要手段。
The term hypophysitis is used to designate a heterogeneous group of pituitary conditions characterized by the presence of inflammatory infiltration of the adenohypophysis, neurohypophysis, or both. Although hypophysitis are rare disorders, the most common in clinical practice is lymphocytic hypophysitis, a primary hypophysitis characterized by lymphocytic infiltration, which predominantly affects women. Other forms of primary hypophysitis are associated with different autoimmune diseases. Hypophysitis can also be secondary to other disorders such as sellar and parasellar diseases, systemic diseases, paraneoplastic syndromes, infections, and drugs, including immune checkpoint inhibitors. The diagnostic evaluation should always include pituitary function tests and other analytical tests based on the suspected diagnosis. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging is the investigation of choice for the morphological assessment of hypophysitis. Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of treatment for most symptomatic hypophysitis.
