[公式:见正文]-Escin是从七叶树(AH)的种子中提取的齐墩烷型五环三萜皂苷,分布更广。[配方:见正文]-Escin钠已被美国FDA批准用于临床使用。本文旨在总结最新和全面的药理活性综述,药代动力学特性,毒性,和[公式:见正文]-escin的分析方法。研究表明,[配方:见正文]-七叶皂苷具有显著的抗肿瘤作用,抗病毒,抗炎,和其他活性以及比其他化合物更少的副作用和更高的安全性。该综述表明,[配方:见正文]-七叶皂苷的药理作用涉及ATM/[配方:见正文]H2AX等机制,RhoA/Rock,GSK-3[公式:见正文]/[公式:见正文]-Catenin,HER2/HER3/Akt,和PI3K/Akt信号通路,和细胞周期蛋白A,p21[公式:见正文],幸存者,Bcl-2,Mcl-1,Caspases,TGF-[公式:见正文],MMPs,和TNF-[公式:参见正文]以及其他炎症因子。[配方:见正文]-Escin具有显著的细胞毒性;使用壳聚糖/黄原胶基聚电解质复合物PA1和PC-11对其进行改性,不仅降低了其毒性,而且还提高了它的药效。正因为如此,这些化合物可能成为新的研究热点。[公式:见正文]-七叶皂苷在体内代谢可通过肠道菌群中的CYP1A2酶转化产生[公式:见正文]-七叶皂苷,脱酰,去糖基化,和21[配方:见正文]-[配方:见正文]-巴豆酰基-原七叶皂苷,血浆蛋白的结合率高于90%。这些主要由肝脏代谢,肾脏,和其他器官,并以尿液和粪便的形式排泄。关于[公式:见正文]-七叶皂苷代谢的特定介体及其机制和代谢物的报告数量相对较少;此外,结果是模糊的。因此,需要对[配方:见正文]-七叶皂苷的药代动力学特征进行完整、深入的探索,为其药效学活性的研究提供更完整、有效的理论参考。
[Formula: see text]-Escin is an oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum (AH), which is more widely distributed. [Formula: see text]-Escin sodium has been approved by the American FDA for clinical usage. This paper is intended to summarize an updated and comprehensive
review of the pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity, and analytical methods of [Formula: see text]-escin. Studies have shown that [Formula: see text]-escin has significant antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and other activities alongside less adverse effects and higher safety than other compounds. The
review shows that the pharmacological effects of [Formula: see text]-escin involve mechanisms such as ATM/[Formula: see text]H2AX, RhoA/Rock, GSK-3[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-Catenin, HER2/HER3/Akt, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and Cyclin A, p21[Formula: see text], survivin, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Caspases, TGF-[Formula: see text], MMPs, and TNF-[Formula: see text] among other inflammatory factors. [Formula: see text]-Escin has significant cytotoxicity; the use of the chitosan/xanthan gum-based polyelectrolyte complexes PA1 and PC-11 to modify it not only to reduces its toxicity, but also improves its drug efficacy. Because of this, these compounds may become a new research hotspot. [Formula: see text]-Escin in vivo metabolism can be converted by the CYP1A2 enzyme in the intestinal flora to produce [Formula: see text]-escin, deacylated, deglycosylated, and 21[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-crotonoyl-protoescin, and the binding rate of the plasma proteins is higher than 90%. These are mainly metabolized by the liver, kidneys, and other organs, and excreted in the form of urine and feces. The number of reports on the specific mediators of the metabolism of [Formula: see text]-escin and their mechanisms and metabolites is relatively small; furthermore, the results are vague. Therefore, a complete and in-depth exploration of the pharmacokinetic characteristics of [Formula: see text]-escin is needed to provide a more complete and effective theoretical reference for the study of its pharmacodynamic activity.