Tularemia是包括亚洲在内的世界许多地区的地方性人畜共患疾病。进行了一项横断面研究,以确定土壤中基于基因组的土拉弗朗西斯菌(Ft)的患病率,评估其在土壤中的发生与可能的预测因子之间的关联,即宏观和微观营养素以及几个分类变量,并确定小型和大型反刍动物的血清转化。该研究包括总共2280个土壤样本,代表巴基斯坦旁遮普省八个地区的456个村庄,然后分析了707只反刍动物的血清抗体。在3.25%(n=74,95%CI:2.60-4.06)的土壤样品中检测到Ft的基因组。可溶性盐(OR:1.276,95%CI:1.043-1.562,p=0.015),Ni(OR:2.910,95CI:0.795-10.644,p=0.106),Mn(OR:0.733,95%CI:0.565-0.951,p=0.019),Zn(OR:4.922,95%CI:0.929-26.064,p=0.061)和养分聚集在一起,分别为PC-1(OR:4.76,95%CI:2.37-9.54,p=0.000)和PC-3(发现OR:0.357,95%CI:0.640,p=0.001)与土壤中Ft的存在呈正相关。在靠近水源的地方,土壤中FtDNA的发生几率更高,包括运河,溪流或排水沟,[χ2=6.7,OR=1.19,95%CI:1.05-3.09,p=0.004]以及存在动物的地方[χ2=4.09,OR=2.06,95%CI:1.05-4.05,p=0.02]。在6.22%(n=44,95%CI:4.67-8.25)的家畜中检测到血清转化。Ft在广泛的地理区域内的出现表明其扩展到了植物性范围,并表明有必要对潜在的疾病宿主和高危人群进行进一步调查,比如农民和兽医。
Tularemia is an endemic zoonotic disease in many parts of the world including Asia. A cross-sectional
study was conducted to determine genome-based prevalence of Francisella tularensis (Ft) in soil, assess an association between its occurrence in soil and likely predictors i.e., macro and micro-nutrients and several categorical variables, and determine seroconversion in small and large ruminants. The
study included a total of 2,280 soil samples representing 456 villages in eight districts of the Punjab Province of Pakistan followed by an analysis of serum antibodies in 707 ruminants. The genome of Ft was detected in 3.25% (n = 74, 95% CI: 2.60-4.06) of soil samples. Soluble salts (OR: 1.276, 95% CI: 1.043-1.562, p = 0.015), Ni (OR: 2.910, 95%CI: 0.795-10.644, p = 0.106), Mn (OR:0.733, 95% CI:0.565-0.951, p = 0.019), Zn (OR: 4.922, 95% CI:0.929-26.064, p = 0.061) and nutrients clustered together as PC-1 (OR: 4.76, 95% CI: 2.37-9.54, p = 0.000) and PC-3 (OR: 0.357, 95% CI: 0.640, p = 0.001) were found to have a positive association for the presence of Ft in soil. The odds of occurrence of Ft DNA in soil were higher at locations close to a water source, including canals, streams or drains, [χ2 = 6.7, OR = 1.19, 95% CI:1.05-3.09, p = 0.004] as well as places where animals were present [χ2 = 4.09, OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.05-4.05, p = 0.02]. The seroconversion was detected in 6.22% (n = 44, 95% CI: 4.67-8.25) of domestic animals. An occurrence of Ft over a wide geographical region indicates its expansion to enzootic range, and demonstrates the need for further investigation among potential disease reservoirs and at-risk populations, such as farmers and veterinarians.