在许多动物活动中,区分熟悉的刺激和新颖的刺激是至关重要的,基于这种能力的程序是啮齿动物转化研究中利用最多的程序。然而,在少数哺乳动物物种之外,识别学习和潜在的大脑基质仍然不清楚。这里,我们使用行为和分子方法调查了硬骨鱼嗅觉刺激的一项试验识别学习。根据我们的行为分析,我们发现斑马鱼可以在一次相遇后学会识别新的气味,然后,区分这种气味和不同的气味,前提是提示的分子结构相对不同。随后,通过对大脑主要区域的即时早期基因的表达分析,我们发现当斑马鱼遇到熟悉的气味时,端脑被激活,而下丘脑和视神经顶响应新的气味而被激活。总的来说,这项研究提供了证据,证明了在硬骨鱼中对新气味的单试验自发学习,以及参与该过程的多种神经底物的存在.这些发现对于开发斑马鱼模型以研究认知功能是有希望的。
Distinguishing familiar from novel stimuli is critical in many animals\' activities, and procedures based on this ability are among the most exploited in translational research in rodents. However, recognition learning and the underlying brain substrates remain unclear outside a few mammalian species. Here, we investigated one-
trial recognition learning for olfactory stimuli in a teleost fish using a behavioural and molecular approach. With our behavioural analysis, we found that zebrafish can learn to recognise a novel odour after a single encounter and then, discriminate between this odour and a different one provided that the molecular structure of the cues is relatively differentiated. Subsequently, by expression analysis of immediate early genes in the main brain areas, we found that the telencephalon was activated when zebrafish encountered a familiar odour, whereas the hypothalamus and the optic tectum were activated in response to the novel odour. Overall, this
study provided evidence of single-
trial spontaneous learning of novel odours in a teleost fish and the presence of multiple neural substrates involved in the process. These findings are promising for the development of zebrafish models to investigate cognitive functions.