抗生素耐药性的出现和传播是一个日益增长的全球威胁,并引起了全球对限制抗生素在畜牧业中使用的兴趣。当我们进入后抗生素时代时,越来越需要确定用于预防和治疗的抗生素替代品。虽然植物治疗的补救措施是可用的,并在欧洲使用,其疗效的证据目前非常有限,但仍然是必要的。已使用PICOS方法对用于治疗和预防农场动物传染病的植物疗法进行了系统评价。根据协议对研究中的信息进行分析和提取,包括:出版年份和来源,研究机构,物种,耕作制度,应用的目的,疾病的焦点,诊断方法,使用的补救措施(补救措施的来源和成分),补救措施的生产者,管理方式,研究设计,和对照组,效果度量,和研究结果。共筛选出1705篇论文,但只有44项(包括53项独立研究)符合纳入标准.确定的大多数科学研究表明在研究设计以及所研究的植物疗法的呈现和标准化方面存在局限性,这限制了得出坚定结论的可能性。在89%的研究中调查了预防效果。与对照组相比,一半的研究报告了植物疗法对亚临床措施的影响不确定。审查强调了尚未解决的问题,例如需要标准化的对照试验和通过分析方法改善植物产品的标准化,如高效液相色谱法。为了实现可复制的结果并在农场实践中建立植物疗法的功效和安全性,有必要考虑这一点。农场动物替代药物的可管理性也需要进一步调查,以确定是否为其使用提供了所有必要的先决条件。
The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance is a growing global threat and has aroused a global interest in limiting antibiotic use in animal agriculture. As we are entering the post-antibiotic era, there is a growing need for identifying alternatives to antibiotics for prevention and treatment. Although phytotherapeutic remedies are available and are used in Europe, evidence of their efficacy is currently very limited but is nevertheless still necessary. A systematic
review of phytotherapy used for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases in farm animals has been conducted using the PICOS approach. Analysis and extraction of information from studies was performed according to a protocol, and included: publication year and source, research body, species, farming system, purpose of application, disease in focus, diagnostic method, remedy used (origin and ingredients of the remedy), producer of remedy, way of administration, study design, and control groups, measure of effect, and outcome of the study. A total of 1,705 papers were screened, but only 44 (comprising 53 independent studies) met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the scientific studies identified show limitations in the study design as well as in presentation and standardization of the botanical remedies studied, which limits the possibilities of drawing firm conclusions. Preventive effect was investigated in 89% of the studies. Half of the studies reported uncertain effects of the botanical remedies on subclinical measures in comparison to a control group. The
review highlights unresolved questions such as the need for standardized controlled trials and for improved standardization of the botanical products by analytical methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography. It is necessary to consider this in order to achieve replicable outcomes and establish efficacy and safety of phytotherapy in farm practice. The manageability of alternative medicine in farm animals also warrants further investigation so as to ascertain whether all necessary preconditions for their use are being granted.