急性弛缓性脊髓炎(AFM)是脊髓前部的神经系统疾病,可表现为截瘫(下肢瘫痪),和颅神经功能障碍。这些病变是由肠道病毒68(EV-D68)引起的感染引起的;肠道病毒(EV)家族的成员属于小核糖核酸病毒家族中的肠道病毒物种和脊髓灰质炎样病毒。在许多情况下,面部,轴向,球杆,呼吸,眼外肌受到影响,从而降低了患者的整体生活质量。此外,严重的病理状况需要住院治疗,在少数情况下可能导致死亡。以前的案例研究和文献的数据表明,儿科患者的患病率很高,但仔细的临床评估和治疗可以降低死亡和截瘫的风险.此外,临床和实验室诊断可以通过脊髓的磁共振成像(MRI),然后进行脑脊液(CSF)的逆转录聚合酶链反应(rRT-PCR)和VP1半巢式PCR测定,凳子,血清样本可以在一定程度上揭示疾病状况。控制疫情的主要措施是公共卫生管理部门建议的社会距离,但是更有效的方法还没有发现。尽管如此,整个病毒形式的疫苗,活减毒,亚病毒颗粒,DNA疫苗是治疗这些疾病的绝佳选择。评论讨论了各种主题,比如流行病学,病理生理学,诊断/临床特征,住院/死亡率,管理/治疗,和潜在的未来发展。
Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) is a neurological condition in the anterior portion of the spinal cord and can be characterised as paraplegia (paralysis of the lower limbs), and cranial nerve dysfunction. These lesions are caused by the infection due to Enterovirus 68 (EV-D68); a member of the Enterovirus (EV) family belongs to the Enterovirus species within the Picornavirus family and a Polio-like virus. In many cases, the facial, axial, bulbar, respiratory, and extraocular muscles were affected, hence reducing the overall quality of the patient\'s life. Moreover, severe pathological conditions demand hospitalisation and can cause mortality in a few cases. The data from previous case studies and literature suggest that the prevalence is high in paediatric patients, but careful clinical assessment and management can decrease the risk of mortality and paraplegia. Moreover, the clinical and laboratory diagnosis can be performed by Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spinal cord followed by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and VP1 seminested PCR assay of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), stool, and serum samples can reveal the disease condition to an extent. The primary measure to control the outbreak is social distancing as advised by public health administrations, but more effective ways are yet to discover. Nonetheless, vaccines in the form of the whole virus, live attenuated, sub-viral particles, and DNA vaccines can be an excellent choice to treat these conditions. The
review discusses a variety of topics, such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis/clinical features, hospitalisation/mortality, management/treatment, and potential future developments.