BACKGROUND: It is well established that individuals with schizophrenia experience deficits in emotional perception that can impact long-term social and occupational functioning. Understanding the factors that impact these impairments is important for targeting interventions to improve recovery. In the general population, compared with males, females tend to show greater perception of emotions. Whether this sex difference persists in schizophrenia is less clear. In contrast to males, females diagnosed with schizophrenia tend to have a higher age of disease onset and better premorbid functioning but do not necessarily have better outcomes. Effective treatments for social cognitive impairments are highly relevant to long-term functional rehabilitation. A greater understanding of the cognitive deficits in emotional perception within females and males living with schizophrenia may assist interventions to be better tailored to individuals.
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to collate, synthesize, and critically appraise evidence considering the influence of biological sex (female and male) on the emotional perception of individuals with schizophrenia.
METHODS: This is a systematic review protocol based on the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols) guidelines. The electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and PsycINFO will be systematically searched. To be included in this review, studies must compare the emotional perceptions of male and female participants older than 18 years who have a primary diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Qualitative studies, case reports, case series, unpublished manuscripts, and studies not reported in English will be excluded. Key search strategies will include combinations of the following terms: \"men,\" \"male,\" \"man,\" \"female,\" \"women,\" \"woman,\" \"sex,\" \"gender,\" \"emotional perception,\" \"emotional processing,\" \"schizophrenia,\" \"schizophren,\" \"psychotic disorders,\" \"psychosis,\" \"psychoses,\" \"psychotic,\" \"schizoaffective,\" \"schizotypal personality disorder,\" and \"schizotyp.\" Identified studies will be uploaded to the web-based Covidence systematic review management software. The risk of bias for individual studies will be assessed using the relevant Joanna Briggs Institute checklist tools. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) system will also be used to evaluate the strength of the evidence base. Findings will be synthesized to provide a systematic summary of the existing literature. If sufficiently comparable data to permit meta-analysis emerges, a random-effects meta-analysis will be performed.
RESULTS: This systematic review was registered with the PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) in October 2023. The search and screening of study titles and abstracts are currently underway. Data are expected to be extracted and analyzed in July 2024.
CONCLUSIONS: Results will contribute to an improved understanding of the social cognitive profiles of males and females with schizophrenia. This knowledge is expected to inform the adaptation of interventions to improve functional outcomes.
BACKGROUND: PROSPERO CRD42023463561; https://tinyurl.com/34sr3rnf.
UNASSIGNED: DERR1-10.2196/56977.

Social-emotional skills are a growing area of focus for early childhood educators due to their contributions to young children\'s school readiness and long-term positive outcomes. Current research also highlights the need to confront biases leading to the overestimation of challenging behaviors in racially and ethnically minoritized children. When enacted into policy and practices, biases and overestimation of challenging behaviors result in disproportional, exclusionary disciplinary practices towards children from racially minoritized and economically marginalized backgrounds in early childhood educational settings. Thus, it is necessary to select and implement social-emotional learning interventions that have been designed for or culturally adapted to meet specific needs of children from these backgrounds. In the present study, we uncovered the characteristics of social-emotional learning (SEL) interventions that have been designed or culturally adapted for racially and ethnically minoritized preschool-aged children (ages 3-5 years). Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with no restrictions on study dates, we conducted a systematic review of the literature. Our results indicate the implementation of culturally adapted SEL programs among preschool-age children from racially and ethnically minoritized backgrounds is in the preliminary stages with only six studies meeting inclusionary criteria. Overall, children demonstrated improved outcomes after participation in SEL programs. There were significant variations in the SEL curricula used. Frequent types of adaptions included reviewing the program from the original intervention, ensuring that the intervention is delivered in children\'s home language, and selecting or training qualified implementers.

Firefighting requires a high level of physical fitness and causes substantial psychological stress, engendering musculoskeletal, mental, and cardiac issues. Consequently, it is necessary to measure the preparation of the firefighters daily through the Firefighting Physical Ability Tests (FPATs). According to the literature, some variables are more important for performance in the FPAT. Therefore, we aimed to summarize evidence that relates physical and mental aspects to the FPAT performance. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method, screening 1055 records from databases and selecting 15 that met inclusion criteria. No emotional and psychological variables were correlated with the FPAT. Most research shows significant correlations between the FPAT performance and the following: aerobic fitness, upper body endurance and strength, anaerobic capacity, body fat, and age. Lower body endurance and strength, as well as anaerobic power, had a low number of investigations and need to be further explored. Abdominal endurance showed weak correlations, while flexibility did not show any correlations in most studies, although these should be considered for injury prevention. We recommend that fitness programs and evaluations include a global analysis considering the evidence presented for methodological improvements.

Promoting socioemotional skills has been highlighted among the evidence to prevent suicidal behavior in childhood and adolescence. This review aimed to map and analyze national and international scientific papers on initiatives and programs for the prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescence based on the theoretical framework of socioemotional skills. It is a scoping review using the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Eleven academic bibliographic databases were analyzed, and searches were conducted on institutional websites related to suicide prevention and Google. Papers in Portuguese, Spanish, French, and English from 2010 to July 2022 were included in the review, which consisted of 97 studies, analyzed through data matrix and thematic grouping. The results show that most are international and focused on suicide, not on self-harm alone. In general, they have an informational and instructional bias for professionals, institutions, and governments, proposed laws, programs and action plans, studies on the role of socioemotional skills and intervention research. Few strategies have been clearly tested and validated. The key elements are the ability to perceive, recognize, understand, express, and regulate one\'s own emotions, get motivated, and build empathy in relationships. Schools are key players in this process and the health system should act as a collaborative network. National and local prevention plans are required, emphasizing the role of schools, the health sector, and intersectoral coordination to promote health and quality of life.

BACKGROUND: This paper is devoted to a narrative review of the literature on emotions and academic performance in medicine. The review aims to examine the role emotions play in the academic performance of undergraduate medical students.
METHODS: Eight electronic databases were used to search the literature from 2013 to 2023, including Academic Search Ultimate, British Education Index, CINAHL, Education Abstract, ERIC, Medline, APA Psych Articles and APA Psych Info. Using specific keywords and terms in the databases, 3,285,208 articles were found. After applying the predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria to include only medical students and academic performance as an outcome, 45 articles remained, and two reviewers assessed the quality of the retrieved literature; 17 articles were selected for the narrative synthesis.
RESULTS: The findings indicate that depression and anxiety are the most frequently reported variables in the reviewed literature, and they have negative and positive impacts on the academic performance of medical students. The included literature also reported that a high number of medical students experienced test anxiety during their study, which affected their academic performance. Positive emotions lead to positive academic outcomes and vice versa. However, Feelings of shame did not have any effect on the academic performance of medical students.
CONCLUSIONS: The review suggests a significant relationship between emotions and academic performance among undergraduate medical students. While the evidence may not establish causation, it underscores the importance of considering emotional factors in understanding student performance. However, reliance on cross-sectional studies and self-reported data may introduce recall bias. Future research should concentrate on developing anxiety reduction strategies and enhancing mental well-being to improve academic performance.

BACKGROUND: Baduanjin was also called Eight Brocades (EB), a branch of Qigong exercise, is classified as a mild-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise. It has been theorized that regular practice of EB can alleviate anxiety and depression in patients undergoing chemotherapy; however, there are currently no comprehensive quantitative reviews on the efficacy of EB for this population. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to investigate the effects of EB on chemotherapy-treated patients.
METHODS: Eight electronic databases were searched from their inception until February 15, 2024, to identify relevant studies. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to filter the retrieved studies. Outcomes were various quantitative assessments. This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO Registry (registration number CRD42023466630).
RESULTS: Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met eligibility criteria (n = 704). The meta-analysis results demonstrated that EB significantly reduced levels of anxiety and depression. Subgroup analysis revealed that the intervention frequency of 1 time/day had a greater effect on the improvement of negative emotions, compared with 2 times/day and 5 times/week. The intervention duration of 4 weeks showed more efficacy in reducing depression scores than 12 weeks or 16 weeks; however, no statistical difference was observed for anxiety scores.
CONCLUSIONS: EB exercise can reduce depression and anxiety symptoms in chemotherapy-treated patients. However, the results should be interpreted with caution as existing methodological limitations. The findings provided insights into the development of public health initiatives to improve the negative emotion among chemotherapy-treated patients by EB exercise.

Facial emotion perception deficits, a possible indicator of illness progression and transdiagnostic phenotype, were examined in high-risk psychosis (CHR) patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 studies (2567 CHR individuals, 1103 non-transitioned [CHR-NT], 212 transitioned [CHR-T], 512 first-episode psychosis [FEP], and 1936 healthy controls [HC]). CHR showed overall (g = -0.369 [95 % CI, -0.485 to -0.253]) and specific impairments in detecting anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutrality, and sadness compared to HC, except for surprise. FEP revealed a general deficit than CHR (g = -0.378 [95 % CI, -0.509 to -0.247]), and CHR-T displayed more pronounced baseline impairments than CHR-NT (g = -0.217 [95 % CI, -0.365 to -0.068]). FEP only exhibited a poorer ability to perceive fear, but not other individual emotions, compared to CHR. Similar performances in perceiving individual emotions were observed regardless of transition status (CHR-NT and CHR-T). However, literature comparing the perception of individual emotions among FEP, CHR-T, and CHR is limited. This study primarily characterized the general and overall impairments of facial emotion perception in CHR which could predict transition risk, emphasizing the need for future research on multimodal parameters of emotion perception and associations with other psychiatric outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Recent research suggests that epigenetic modifications may mediate the behavioral effects of cannabis, influencing exocannabinnoids\' long term effects in cognitive function and its role in the emergence of psychotic symptoms.
METHODS: In this systematic scoping review, we assessed the current evidence of epigenetic effects associated with the use of cannabis or exocannabinoid administration and their relationship with behavioral and emotional symptoms. We searched PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science, up to January 2022, using the terms \"cannabis\" and \"epigenetics.\" The search yielded 178 articles, of which 43 underwent full article revision; 37 articles were included in the review.
RESULTS: The gathered evidence included observational cross-sectional studies conducted on human subjects and experimental designs using animal models that conveyed disparity in administration dosage, methods of cannabis use assessment and targeted epigenetic mechanisms. Nine studies performed epigenome-wide analysis with identification of differentially methylated sites; most of these studies found a global hypomethylation, and enrichment in genes related to cellular survival and neurodevelopment. Other studies assessed methylation at specific genes and found that cannabis exposure was associated with reduced methylation at Cg05575921, DNMT1, DRD2, COMT, DLGAP2, Arg1, STAT3, MGMT, and PENK, while hypermethylation was found at DNMT3a/b, NCAM1, and AKT1.
CONCLUSIONS: The review found evidence of an exocannabinoid-induced epigenetic changes that modulate depressive-anxious, psychotic, and addictive behavioural phenotypes. Further studies will require dosage exposure/administration uniformization and a customized pool of genes to assess their suitability as biomarkers for psychiatric diseases.

OBJECTIVE: Parents of children diagnosed with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss may experience a range of emotions owing to a lack of knowledge and experience in dealing with such children. However, most audiology clinics only attend to children with deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) and not their parents. Thus, parents\' emotional and support needs are frequently excluded from the intervention sessions, making their own needs invisible. This study aimed to identify academic and clinical instruments used for assessing parental emotional status (PES) and ecological support systems (ESS) in early intervention and determine the factors affecting PES and ESS among parents of DHH children undergoing cochlear implantation.
METHODS: This scoping review followed the rigorous methodological framework; searched Medline (via OVID and EMBSCO), Scopus, and Web of Science; and selected studies relevant to validated instruments used to evaluate the PES and ESS among parents of DHH children below 6 years old. Before selecting and reviewing relevant articles, two reviewers independently assessed article titles and abstracts from the data sources. Two reviewers verified half of the first reviewer\'s extracted data.
RESULTS: Overall, 3060 articles were retrieved from the database search, and 139 were selected for full-text review following title and abstract reviews. Ultimately, this study included 22 articles. Among them, 23 and 12 validated instruments, most of which are generic measures, were used for assessing PES and ESS, respectively. Three condition-specific instruments were identified and designed to be administered following cochlear implantation surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that healthcare professionals who interact with parents of DHH children lack the necessary instruments, particularly for parents of children undergoing cochlear implantation surgery. Therefore, it is necessary to develop condition-specific instruments for parents who consider cochlear implantation for their children.

Background: Sleep and affective states are closely intertwined. Nevertheless, previous methods to evaluate sleep-affect associations have been limited by poor ecological validity, with a few studies examining temporal or dynamic interactions in naturalistic settings. Objectives: First, to update and integrate evidence from studies investigating the reciprocal relationship between daily sleep and affective phenomena (mood, affect, and emotions) through ambulatory and prospective monitoring. Second, to evaluate differential patterns based on age, affective disorder diagnosis (bipolar, depression, and anxiety), and shift work patterns on day-to-day sleep-emotion dyads. Third, to summarise the use of wearables, actigraphy, and digital tools in assessing longitudinal sleep-affect associations. Method: A comprehensive PRISMA-compliant systematic review was conducted through the EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE(R), PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. Results: Of the 3024 records screened, 121 studies were included. Bidirectionality of sleep-affect associations was found (in general) across affective disorders (bipolar, depression, and anxiety), shift workers, and healthy participants representing a range of age groups. However, findings were influenced by the sleep indices and affective dimensions operationalised, sampling resolution, time of day effects, and diagnostic status. Conclusions: Sleep disturbances, especially poorer sleep quality and truncated sleep duration, were consistently found to influence positive and negative affective experiences. Sleep was more often a stronger predictor of subsequent daytime affect than vice versa. The strength and magnitude of sleep-affect associations were more robust for subjective (self-reported) sleep parameters compared to objective (actigraphic) sleep parameters.