The follow-up treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation after drug resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become a hotspot and difficulty at present. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy is a new and important choice for these patients, but many studies have shown unsatisfactory efficacy. However, some domestic and foreign studies have shown that ICIs combination therapy is still effective in some patients with positive driver genes and drug resistance after targeted therapy. So, in the era of immunotherapy, what are the differences in the efficacy of different combination immunotherapy strategies for different patients? What are the factors that affect efficacy? What are the interrelationships between these factors and other immunotherapy efficacy prediction biomarkers? All these problems have broad and important research value.
.
【中文题目：EGFR突变NSCLC患者TKIs耐药后
ICIs治疗进展】 【中文摘要：表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EGFR-TKIs）耐药后的EGFR突变晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）患者的后续治疗已成为目前的热点和难点。免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs）治疗对于这部分患者来说是一个崭新而重要的选择，然而众多研究却显示疗效差强人意。但同时，国内外也有研究表明部分驱动基因阳性且靶向治疗耐药后的患者接受ICIs联合治疗仍显效。那么，在免疫治疗时代，不同的患者接受不同的ICIs联合策略的疗效有何差异？影响疗效的因素有哪些？这些因素与其他免疫治疗疗效预测标志物的内在联系有哪些？这些问题都有着广阔而重要的研究价值。
】 【中文关键词：EGFR突变；EGFR-TKIs耐药；肺肿瘤；免疫检查点抑制剂；免疫治疗】.

BACKGROUND: Solid tumors have a markedly decreased incidence in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), including lung cancers.
METHODS: The clinical presentation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in DS was reported and literature on the subject reviewed.
RESULTS: In individuals with DS, the risk of lung cancer appears markedly lower. EGFR mutation and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) resistance also exist in DS with lung cancer.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should consider EGFR mutation and EGFR-TKIs resistance in lung cancer patients with DS.