背景:在全球范围内,溺水是伤害相关伤害的主要原因,受到环境条件的严重影响。在澳大利亚,夏天的致命意外溺水高峰,然而,以前还没有研究过长时间炎热天气(热浪)对致命溺水的影响。
方法:使用案例交叉方法,我们研究了2010年至2019年澳大利亚昆士兰州热浪日和非热浪日溺水风险的差异.热波数据,用过热系数来衡量,是从气象局获得的。发病率比率(IRR)按性别计算,溺水死者的年龄,溺水事件类别(国际疾病分类-10代码)和热浪严重程度。还计算了热浪期间的溺水死亡率。
结果:分析显示,男性在热浪期间的致命溺水风险增加(IRR1.22,95%CI0.92至1.61),65岁以上的人(IRR1.36,95%CI0.83至2.24),无意溺水(IRR1.28,95%CI0.98至1.69)和严重热浪期间(IRR1.26,95%CI0.88至1.82)。在研究期间,有13人因热浪而溺水死亡。
结论:这些发现证实了热浪期间致命溺水的风险增加。随着热浪发生的可能性和严重性的增加,这些信息应用于预防溺水,特别是公众意识运动的时机和在受监督的水生地点巡逻。
结论:水安全和巡逻组织,以及第一响应者,需要为在热浪条件下更多的溺水死亡做好准备。此外,休闲游泳者需要在热浪之前进行防溺水教育,和老年人,特别是那些有合并症的人,热浪可能会进一步加剧。
BACKGROUND: Globally, drowning is a leading cause of injury-related harm, which is heavily impacted by environmental conditions. In Australia, fatal unintentional drowning peaks in summer, yet the impact of prolonged periods of hot weather (heatwave) on fatal
drowning has not previously been explored.
METHODS: Using a
case-crossover approach, we examined the difference in
drowning risk between heatwave and non-heatwave days for the Australian state of Queensland from 2010 to 2019. Heatwave data, measured by the excess heat factor, were acquired from the Bureau of Meteorology. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated by sex, age of
drowning decedent, category of
drowning incident (International Classification of Diseases-10 codes) and heatwave severity. Excess
drowning mortality during heatwaves was also calculated.
RESULTS: Analyses reveal increased fatal drowning risk during heatwave for males (IRR 1.22, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.61), people aged 65+ years (IRR 1.36, 95% CI 0.83 to 2.24), unintentional drowning (IRR 1.28, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.69) and during severe heatwaves (IRR 1.26, 95% CI0.88 to 1.82). There were 13 excess
drowning deaths due to heatwave over the study period.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings confirm an increased risk of fatal drowning during heatwaves. With increased likelihood and severity of heatwaves, this information should be used to inform drowning prevention, in particular the timing of public awareness campaigns and patrolling of supervised aquatic locations.
CONCLUSIONS: Water safety and patrolling organisations, as well as first responders, need to prepare for more drowning deaths during heatwave conditions. In addition, drowning prevention education ahead of heatwaves is needed for recreational swimmers, and older people, particularly those with comorbidities which may be further exacerbated by a heatwave.