背景:美国膳食指南(USDG)构成了营养指南的基础,但这项研究告知了3USDG的饮食模式(健康美式[H-US],地中海[地中海],和素食主义者[Veg])主要来自白人人群的观察性研究。
目的:饮食指南3饮食研究是3臂,12周,在有2型糖尿病风险的非裔美国人(AA)成年人中随机分配干预措施,测试了3USDG的饮食模式。
方法:AA(年龄18-65岁,BMI25-49.9kg/m2,BMI以kg/m2测量),招募≥3个2型糖尿病危险因素。重量,HbA1c,血压,在基线和12周收集饮食质量(健康饮食指数[HEI])。此外,参与者每周参加使用USDG/MyPlate材料设计的在线课程.重复措施,具有最大似然估计的混合模型,并对标准误差的鲁棒计算进行了测试。
结果:在筛选的227名参与者中,63人符合条件(83%为女性;年龄48.0±10.6岁,BMI35.9±0.8kg/m2),并随机分配到健康的美式饮食模式(H-US)(n=21,完成81%),健康的地中海式饮食模式(Med)(n=22,86%完成),或健康的素食饮食模式(Veg)(n=20,完成70%)组。组内,但不是在群体之间,体重减轻显着(-2.4±0.7kgH-US,-2.6±0.7kgMed,-2.4±0.8kgVeg;组间P=0.97)。HbA1c的变化在组间也没有显着差异(0.03±0.05%H-US,-0.10±0.05%Med,0.07±0.06%Veg;P=0.10),收缩压血压(-5.5±2.7mmHgH-US,-3.2±2.5mmHgMed,-2.4±2.9mmHgVeg;P=0.70),舒张压(-5.2±1.8mmHgH-US,-2.0±1.7mmHgMed,-3.4±1.9mmHgVeg;P=0.41),或HEI(7.1±3.2H-US,15.2±3.1Med,4.6±3.4Veg;P=0.06)。事后分析显示,与Veg组相比,Med组的HEI改善幅度更大(差异=-10.6±4.6;95%CI:-19.7,-1.4;P=0.02)。
结论:本研究表明,所有3USDG的饮食模式导致AA成人体重显著下降。然而,组间的结局无显著差异.该试验在clinicaltrials.gov注册为NCT04981847。
The US Dietary
Guidelines (USDG) form the basis of nutrition
guidelines, but the research informing the 3 USDG dietary patterns (Healthy US-Style [H-US], Mediterranean [Med], and vegetarian [Veg]) has been drawn largely from observational studies among White populations.
The Dietary
Guidelines 3 Diets study was a 3-arm, 12-wk randomly assigned intervention among African American (AA) adults at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus that tested the 3 USDG dietary patterns.
The AAs (ages 18-65 y, BMI 25-49.9 kg/m2, and BMI was measured in kg/m2) with ≥3 type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors were recruited. Weight, HbA1c, blood pressure, and dietary quality (healthy eating index [HEI]) were collected at baseline and 12 wk. In addition, participants attended weekly online classes that were designed using material from the USDG/MyPlate. Repeated measures, mixed models with maximum likelihood estimation, and robust computation of standard errors were tested.
Of the 227 participants screened, 63 were eligible (83% female; age 48.0 ± 10.6 y, BMI 35.9 ± 0.8 kg/m2) and randomly assigned to the Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern (H-US) (n = 21, 81% completion), healthy Mediterranean-style eating pattern (Med) (n = 22, 86% completion), or healthy vegetarian eating pattern (Veg) (n = 20, 70% completion) groups. Within-group, but not between groups, weight loss was significant (-2.4 ± 0.7 kg H-US, -2.6 ± 0.7 kg Med, -2.4 ± 0.8 kg Veg; P = 0.97 between group). There was also no significant difference between groups for changes in HbA1c (0.03 ± 0.05% H-US, -0.10 ± 0.05% Med, 0.07 ± 0.06% Veg; P = 0.10), systolic BP (-5.5 ± 2.7 mmHg H-US, -3.2 ± 2.5 mmHg Med, -2.4 ± 2.9 mmHg Veg; P = 0.70), diastolic blood pressure (-5.2 ± 1.8 mmHg H-US, -2.0 ± 1.7 mmHg Med, -3.4 ± 1.9 mmHg Veg; P = 0.41), or HEI (7.1 ± 3.2 H-US, 15.2 ± 3.1 Med, 4.6 ± 3.4 Veg; P = 0.06). Post hoc analyses showed that the Med group had significantly greater improvements in HEI compared to the Veg group (difference = -10.6 ± 4.6; 95% CI: -19.7, -1.4; P = 0.02).
The present study demonstrates that all 3 USDG dietary patterns lead to significant weight loss among AA adults. However, none of the outcomes were significantly different between groups. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04981847.