Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has received considerable attention as a potential risk factor for depressive symptoms. The systematic review was conducted to confirm the dose‒response connection between OSA severity and depression risk. A systematic literature search of English and Chinese articles published in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and SinoMed databases from their inception to 28 August 2023 was conducted. An evaluation using the Newcastle‒Ottawa Scale was performed. A meta-analysis was used to evaluate the impact of OSA severity. A random-effects dose‒response model was conducted to evaluate the linear and nonlinear dose‒response connections. We evaluated publication bias by funnel plots, and symmetry by Egger\'s test. We identified 18 cross-sectional researches. 3143 participants which were involved in the dose‒response meta-analysis. Contrasted with mild OSA, individuals with severe OSA had a higher adjusted risk of depression (rate ratio: 1.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-1.70), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 70.9%, Pheterogeneity<0.001). There is a significant linear connection between OSA severity and depression risk. The depression risk increased by 0.4% for every 1 event per hour increase in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). The protocol for this unfunded research was drafted and registered at PROSPERO (ID CRD42023474097).

BACKGROUND: Depression is a prevalent issue among older adults, affecting their quality of life and overall well-being. Exercise is an effective means of relieving depressive symptoms in older adults, but the optimal dose for different exercise types remains unclear. As such, the aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the dose-response relationship between overall and specific types of exercise with depression symptoms in older adults.
METHODS: This systematic review and network meta-analysis included a search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane library, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials of exercise in older adults with depression symptoms from inception to 15 July 2023. Comprehensive data extraction covered dose, treatment regimen, demographics and study duration. Dosage metrics, encompassing METs-min/week, were scrutinized in correlation with the Minimal Clinically Importance Difference (MCID).
RESULTS: A total of 47 studies involving 2895 participants and 7 kinds of exercise were included in the review. Without considering the dose, the results of our network meta-analysis indicated that Walking was the most effective in alleviating depression in older adults, in addition to Aerobic exercise (AE), Yoga, Qigong, Resistance training (RT), and Tai Chi (TC), which were equally effective. However, the results of the dose-response analysis found that Aerobic exercise was most effective at a dose of 1000 METs-min/week. It is noteworthy that Walking is significantly effective in alleviating depressive symptoms in older adults at very low doses. In terms of clinical benefits, we found that overall exercise doses in the range of 600 ~ 970 METs-min/week were clinically effective. Considering the specific types of exercise, Aerobic exercise, Resistance training, Walking, and Yoga were found to be effective at doses ranging from 820 ~ 1000 METs-min/week, 520 ~ 1000 METs-min/week, 650 ~ 1000 METs-min/week, 680 ~ 1000 METs-min/week, respectively. At the same time, we found that when the age exceeded 81 years, even when participating in exercise, it did not achieve the effect of alleviating depressive symptoms in older adults.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, including Walking, AE, Yoga, Qigong, RT, and TC, effectively alleviate depressive symptoms in older adults. Furthermore, we established statistically and clinically significant threshold doses for various exercise types. Early initiation of exercise is beneficial, but its efficacy diminishes from the age of 80, and beyond 81, exercise no longer significantly alleviates depressive symptoms.

UNASSIGNED: Work-related stress is highly prevalent. Recent systematic reviews concluded on a significant association between common work-related stress measures and depression. Our scoping review aims to explore whether work-related psychosocial stress is generally associated with depression or depressiveness, the extent and methodology of the primary research undertaken on this topic and to elucidate inconsistencies or gaps in knowledge.
UNASSIGNED: We searched for literature in Pubmed, PsycInfo and Web of Science including full reports in seven languages published between 1999 and 2022 and applied the PRISMA statement for scoping reviews criteria.
UNASSIGNED: Of 463 primarily identified articles, 125 were retained after abstract and full-text screening. The majority report significant associations between work-related stress and depression. Cross-sectional studies are most prevalent. Sufficient evidence exists only for job strain and effort-reward imbalance. Most studies are from Asia, North America and Europe. The health sector is the most studied. Several research gaps such as the lack of interventional studies were identified.
UNASSIGNED: The consistency of most studies on the significant association between work-related stress and depression is remarkable. More studies are needed to improve evidence and to close research gaps.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the existing literature on the relationship between depressive symptoms and executive function in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) across the lifespan.
METHODS: The scoping review followed the PRISMA protocol by using three databases: PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO on May 14, 2023. Primary research that included reported executive function and the association with depressive symptoms was included in the review.
RESULTS: Of 1470 de-duplicated publications identified, nine articles were included in the review. Five studies evaluated the T1DM population, while four studies evaluated T1DM and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as an aggregate result. Three studies indicated an association between depressive symptoms and executive function in adults with T1DM, and four studies indicated an association between depressive symptoms and executive function in adults with either T1DM or T2DM. In general, participants who reported depressive symptoms also exhibited poor executive function. However, two studies did not find an association between depressive symptoms and executive function.
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the seven studies in this review suggest that individuals with T1DM who report depressive symptoms are at a higher risk of poor executive function; a clear association between depressive symptoms and executive function in individuals with T1DM remains inconclusive. There is a need to explore this relationship in the future.

We report a review examining the psychological wellbeing of parents of children with Down syndrome (DS) relative to that of parents of typically developing (TD) children. A systematic search identified 57 relevant studies, which were synthesised meta-analytically. Relative to their counterparts with TD children, mothers and fathers of children with DS reported higher levels of parenting stress (mothers: g = 0.57, 95% CI [0.33, 0.81]; fathers: g = 0.40, [0.24, 0.56]), depressive symptoms (mothers: g = 0.42, [0.23, 0.61]; fathers: g = 0.25, [0.02, 0.48]) and psychological distress (mothers: g = 0.45, [0.30, 0.60]; fathers: g = 0.63, [0.26, 0.99]). Small effects were found for anxiety for mothers (g = 0.16, [0.03, 0.29]), with no differences for fathers (g = 0.03, [-0.25, 0.32]). No group differences were found for positive impact of parenting (mothers: g = -0.09, [-0.25, 0.07]; fathers: g = -0.04, [-0.30, 0.22]), while evidence concerning other positive wellbeing outcomes was limited. No significant moderating effects of child age range, country income level, or group differences in parental education level were identified, but limited subgroup analyses were possible. Raising a child with DS may be associated with elevated stress, depressive symptoms, and psychological distress for mothers and fathers. However, levels of parenting reward appear equivalent to those experienced by parents raising TD children.

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on depressive symptoms, including an examination of its impact across different populations, intervention durations, and control groups through subgroup analysis.
METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using the following databases: Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform. The search covered the period from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2022.
RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 34 randomized controlled trials, involving a total of N = 1607 participants. HIIT had a small but significant effect on depressive symptoms compared to the control group [SMD = -0.40, 95%CI (-0.60, -0.20), I2 = 73%]. However, subgroup analyses revealed no moderating effect of health status or exercise duration on depressive symptoms. HIIT did not have a statistically significant effect on depressive symptoms when compared with other types of exercise [SMD = -0.15, 95% CI (-0.30, 0.01), I2 = 10%]. HIIT demonstrated a medium effect size in reducing depressive symptoms compared to a non-active control group [SMD = -0.53, 95% CI (-0.84, -0.21), I2 = 80%].
CONCLUSIONS: HIIT confers benefits in mitigating depressive symptoms. Compared to non-active control group, HIIT yields moderate improvements in depressive symptoms. We look forward to exploring more moderating effects in the future, such as HIIT modalities, frequency, and so on. In summation, these findings substantiate the use of HIIT as a means to alleviate symptoms of depression.

UNASSIGNED: Hypertension, a significant public health concern, is frequently linked to emotional disorders like depression. Research shows a reciprocal link between depression and hypertension, potentially influencing patients\' adherence to self-care routines.
UNASSIGNED: This systematic review aimed to examine the association between depressive symptoms and aspects of self-care, with a focus on medication adherence in individuals diagnosed with hypertension.
UNASSIGNED: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus until March 17, 2023. The included studies involved quantitative primary research conducted in English, focusing on adults (≥18 years) diagnosed with hypertension and experiencing depressive symptoms. Observational studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and randomized controlled trials were evaluated using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2.0). Due to the great diversity of these studies, a narrative synthesis of the results was undertaken. Results: A total of 18 studies involving 6,131 people with hypertension, that met our eligibility criteria were ultimately included. The reported rates of depressive symptoms ranged from 4% to 43%. Of these studies, nine reported a statistically significant association, showcasing an adverse impact of depressive symptoms on medication adherence. The remaining nine did not confirm the above.
UNASSIGNED: This systematic review highlights the diverse body of research exploring depressive symptoms and medication adherence among individuals with hypertension. The review suggests a need for increased attention to self-care practices, particularly in relation to adherence to antihypertensive medication. However, it recommends the conduction of more robust longitudinal studies to comprehensively explore this relationship.

Background: Because depression is a major factor contributing to the global disease burden, we tried to analyze the effects and safety of Ginkgo biloba (GKB) on patients with depression. Methods: We conducted a literature search for articles published between January 2002 and May 2022 in seven online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure). A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed to compare the effects and safety of GKB on patients with depression, including subjective and objective indicators of depression evaluation. Results: In total, 21 eligible articles with nine indicators among 2074 patients were included. Several outcomes showed a difference, and the GKB group had better results than the control group, including the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), after taking GKB for 4 weeks (MD = -2.86, 95%CI [-4.27, -1.46], p < 0.01), 6 weeks (mean difference (MD) = -3.36, 95%CI [-4.05, -2.67], p < 0.01), and 8 weeks (MD = -4.58, 95% CI [-6.11, -3.05], p < 0.01), modified Barthel index (MBI) (MD = 14.86, 95%CI [12.07, 17.64], p < 0.01), modified Edinburgh-Scandinavian stroke scale (MESSS) (MD = -4.57, 95%CI [-6.34, -2.79], p < 0.01), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (MD = 16.35, 95%CI [7.34, 25.36], p < 0.01), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (MD = 4.57, 95%CI [3.08, 6.05], p < 0.01), and clinical efficacy (risk ratio, RR = 1.24, 95%CI [1.17, 1.32], p < 0.01). However, there were no differences in adverse events between GKB and controls. Conclusion: In conclusion, the main finding was that patients treated with GKB had better MBI, MESSS, BDNF, 5-HT, and HAMD values after 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks than the control group. GKB might reduce the risk of depression or depressive symptoms with safe clinical efficacy. Systematic Review Registration: identifier (INPLASY2023100052).

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by positive, negative, affective, and cognitive symptoms. Affective symptoms in patients with schizophrenia have traditionally been overlooked or even neglected because they are not considered as fundamental as positive and negative symptoms in the choice of medication.
METHODS: This paper aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of lurasidone in the treatment of depressive symptoms of schizophrenia.
RESULTS: Lurasidone appears to be particularly effective on the depressive symptomatology of schizophrenia while also alleviating the positive and negative symptoms associated with the illness.
CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of lurasidone in treating patients with first-episode psychosis who present with predominant depressive symptoms suggests that this medication may be a valuable treatment option not only for established cases of schizophrenia but also for individuals in the early stages of the illness. The good tolerability of lurasidone is an important factor that may positively influence treatment decisions.

UNASSIGNED: Depression is a major public health problem and negatively affects the quality of life of patients with epilepsy. Despite multiple studies investigating the magnitude and predictors, the results have been inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among patients with epilepsy in Ethiopia.
UNASSIGNED: The primary articles were searched using databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and African Journal Online. A total of 10 primary articles that assessed the prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among patients with epilepsy in Ethiopia were included. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was used to extract the data, which was then exported to Stata version 14 for further analysis. The statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test. Due to heterogeneity, a random effect meta-analysis model was employed. Publication bias was checked through Egger\'s weighted regression test and funnel plot.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 10 primary studies with 3,532 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients with epilepsy was found to be 41.69% (95% CI, 37.70, 45.68). The pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms was 48.61, 42.98, 40.68, 38.27, and 34.80% in Oromia, SNNPs, Amhara, Addis Ababa, and Tigray, respectively, based on a sub-group analysis per regional state. Perceived stigma (AOR = 3.30, 95% CI: 1.40, 7.80), seizure frequency (AOR = 3.81, 95% CI: 1.03, 14.09), and perceived stress (AOR = 4.6, 95% CI: 1.05, 20.06) were factors associated with depressive symptoms.
UNASSIGNED: We found that depressive symptoms affects at least four out of ten patients with epilepsy, indicating an immense burden. Depressive symptoms were extremely prevalent in those who had high levels of stigma, a monthly seizure frequency of once or more, and perceived stress. Therefore, physicians should take extra precautions when treating patients with epilepsy who have certain conditions.
UNASSIGNED: This study was registered according to The International Prospective Register of Systemic Review (PROSPERO) with the registration ID (CRD42023484308).