背景:脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)损伤的积累会降低细胞健康,增加发育和退行性疾病的风险并加速衰老。优化营养摄入可以最大程度地减少DNA损伤的发生。
目的:(i)收集并系统地分析补充微量营养素和植物化学物质对人体DNA损伤基线水平的影响的高水平证据,以及(ii)利用这些知识来确定这些必需的微量营养素或非必需的植物化学物质中的哪一种在人体中促进DNA完整性。
方法:我们对PubMed数据库进行了系统的文献检索,以确定介入,prospective,横截面,或体外研究,探索营养素与已建立的与发育和退行性疾病风险相关的DNA损伤生物标志物之间的关联。生物标志物包括淋巴细胞染色体畸变,淋巴细胞和口腔细胞微核,DNA甲基化,淋巴细胞/白细胞DNA链断裂,DNA氧化,端粒长度,端粒酶活性,和线粒体DNA突变.只有随机化,选择在人体中进行的受控干预和非受控纵向干预研究进行评估和数据提取.这些研究根据其研究设计的质量进行排名。
结果:总而言之,在124篇文章中,有96篇报告了质量评估得分≥5(最高得分为7)的研究,并纳入了最终审查。基于这些研究,与保护作用相关的营养素包括维生素A及其前体β-胡萝卜素,维生素C,E,B1,B12,叶酸,矿物质硒和锌,和植物化学物质,如姜黄素(与胡椒碱),番茄红素,和原花青素。这些发现强调了参与(i)DNA代谢和修复(叶酸,维生素B12和锌),和(ii)预防氧化应激和炎症(维生素A,C,E,番茄红素,姜黄素,原花青素,硒和锌)。
结论:补充某些微量营养素及其组合可以通过改善基因组完整性的维持来减少DNA损伤并促进细胞健康。
Accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage diminishes cellular health, increases risk of developmental and degenerative diseases, and accelerates aging. Optimizing nutrient intake can minimize accrual of DNA damage. The objectives of this
review are to: 1) assemble and systematically analyze high-level evidence for the effect of supplementation with micronutrients and phytochemicals on baseline levels of DNA damage in humans, and 2) use this knowledge to identify which of these essential micronutrients or nonessential phytochemicals promote DNA integrity in vivo in humans. We conducted systematic literature searches of the PubMed database to identify interventional, prospective, cross-sectional, or in vitro studies that explored the association between nutrients and established biomarkers of DNA damage associated with developmental and degenerative disease risk. Biomarkers included lymphocyte chromosome aberrations, lymphocyte and buccal cell micronuclei, DNA methylation, lymphocyte/leukocyte DNA strand breaks, DNA oxidation, telomere length, telomerase activity, and mitochondrial DNA mutations. Only randomized, controlled interventions and uncontrolled longitudinal intervention studies conducted in humans were selected for evaluation and data extraction. These studies were ranked for the quality of their study design. In all, 96 of the 124 articles identified reported studies that achieved a quality assessment score ≥ 5 (from a maximum score of 7) and were included in the final
review. Based on these studies, nutrients associated with protective effects included vitamin A and its precursor β-carotene, vitamins C, E, B1, B12, folate, minerals selenium and zinc, and phytochemicals such as curcumin (with piperine), lycopene, and proanthocyanidins. These findings highlight the importance of nutrients involved in (i) DNA metabolism and repair (folate, vitamin B12, and zinc) and (ii) prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation (vitamins A, C, E, lycopene, curcumin, proanthocyanidins, selenium, and zinc). Supplementation with certain micronutrients and their combinations may reduce DNA damage and promote cellular health by improving the maintenance of genome integrity.