Considering the urgent need for alternative biorefinery schemes based on sustainable development, this review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art in the use of deep eutectic solvent pretreatment to fractionate lignocellulose, with a focus on lignin recovery. For that, the key parameters influencing the process are discussed, as well as various strategies to enhance this pretreatment efficiency are explored. Moreover, this review describes the challenges and opportunities associated with the valorization of extraction-derived streams and highlights recent advancements in solvent recovery techniques. Furthermore, the utilization of computational models for process design and optimization is introduced, as the initial attempts at the economic and environmental assessment of this lignocellulosic bioprocess based on deep eutectic solvents. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive perspective on the recent advances in this emerging field and serves as a foundation for further research on the potential integration of deep eutectic pretreatment in sustainable multi-product biorefinery schemes.

BACKGROUND: Traditional angiography only displays two-dimensional images of the coronary arteries during stent implantation. However, intravascular imaging can show the structure of the vascular wall, plaque characteristics. This article aims to evaluate the efficacy of intravascular imaging-guided drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of intravascular imaging-guided, including patients with DES implantation guided by intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography and traditional angiography. The databases of PubMed, EMBASE, web of science, and Cochrane Library were searched. The primary outcome was target lesion revascularization (TLR). The secondary outcomes included the target vessel revascularization (TVR), myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), cardiac death, all-cause death, and the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during the 6-24 months follow-up. The fixed-effects model was used to calculate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval of the outcome event. Meanwhile, the trial sequence analysis was employed to evaluate the results.
RESULTS: This meta-analysis included fourteen randomized controlled trials with 7307 patients. Compared with angiography-guided, intravascular imaging-guided DES implantation can significantly reduce the risk of TLR (RR 0.63, 0.49-0.82, P = 0.0004), TVR (RR 0.66, 0.52-0.85, P = 0.001), cardiac death (RR 0.58; 0.38-0.89; P = 0.01), MACE (RR 0.67, 0.57-0.79; P < 0.00001) and ST (RR 0.43, 0.24-0.78; P = 0.005). While there was no significant difference regarding MI (RR 0.77, 0.57-1.05, P = 0.10) and all-cause death (RR 0.87, 0.58-1.30, P = 0.50).
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with angiography, intravascular imaging-guided DES implantation is associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease, especially complex lesions (Registered by PROSPERO, CRD 42021289205).

UNASSIGNED: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the leading cause of dry eye syndrome (DES). Many ocular disorders including DES and blepharitis can be linked to MGD. If we treat MGD, we can treat related diseases easily.
UNASSIGNED: This systematic review is intended to determine the efficacy of omega-3 supplementation in MGD patients.
UNASSIGNED: This systematic review included an electronic search on PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov to include all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) using omega-3 as a treatment for MGD.
UNASSIGNED: Database search yielded to one RCT and six clinical trials through the MEDLINE of a total of 350 participants for the systematic review and meta-analysis study. The investigated treatment group (omega-3 group) had a positive effect on MGD protection in the invasive sodium fluorescein-tear break up time (NaFl-TBUT) score compared with the placebo group (odd ratio = 8.72, 95% confidence interval: 4.73, 16.09; p < 0.001). These data suggest that the odd ratios of the omega-3 group to control group increased the likelihood of the improved stated outcome tear break up time (TBUT) being achieved in the treatment group. No evidence of publication bias was detected in the funnel plot inspection or the Egger\'s statistical test (p = 0.2944).
UNASSIGNED: A moderate daily dose of omega-3 may be a beneficial therapeutic for MGD. Omega-3 has been beneficial in many diseases, such as heart attack prevention and agerelated macular degeneration, and this systematic review emphasizes its protection against MGD. In addition, this review emphasizes the precision of noninvasive TBUT (NITBUT) compared with invasive NaFl-TBUT which may suggest the importance of NITBUT in the clinic.

UNASSIGNED: Further advances have been achieved in the field of intravenous ultrasound (IVUS) guided drug eluting stent (DES) implantation and hence there was a need to rejuvenate the evidence. Hence, we performed a cumulative meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IVUS versus angiogram guided DES implantation.
UNASSIGNED: We searched PubMed/Medline and Cochrane database for relevant articles using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Outcomes of interest were cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularisation (TLR), stent thrombosis (ST). We used Mantel-Haenszel method with random error model to calculate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). We also performed TSA to accommodate for possible type I error.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 11 RCTs with 5352 patients were included in the final analysis. Follow up duration of included studies varied from 12 to 24 months. IVUS use was associated with significantly reduced incidence of cardiovascular mortality [OR: 0.45, CI: 0.25-0.80, p value = 0.007, I2 = 0%, χ2 p-value = 0.98], TLR [OR: 0.56, CI: 0.41-0.77, p value = 0.0004, I2 = 0%, χ2 p-value = 0.95] and ST [OR: 0.47, CI: 0.24-0.94, p value = 0.03, I2 = 0%, χ2 p-value = 0.75]. IVUS use had no effect on incidence of MI on follow up. The cumulative z curve crosses the TSA boundary indicating sufficient evidence without type I error for reduced incidence of cardiovascular mortality and TLR with the use IVUS.
UNASSIGNED: IVUS-guided DES implantation should be the standard of care as it significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality and TLR.

A wide range of studies on language assessment during awake brain surgery is nowadays available. Yet, a consensus on a standardized protocol for intraoperative language mapping is still lacking. More specifically, very limited information is offered about intraoperative assessment of a crucial component of language such as syntax. This review aims at critically analyzing the intraoperative studies investigating the cerebral basis of syntactic processing. A comprehensive query was performed on the literature, returning a total of 18 studies. These papers were analyzed according to two complementary criteria, based on the distinction between morphosyntax and syntax. The first criterion focused on the tasks and stimuli employed intraoperatively. Studies were divided into three different groups: group 1 included those studies that overtly aimed at investigating morphosyntactic processes; group 2 included studies that did not explicitly focus on syntax, yet employed stimuli requiring morphosyntactic processing; and group 3 included studies reporting some generic form of syntactic deficit, although not further investigated. The second criterion focused on the syntactic structures of the sentences assessed intraoperatively, analyzing the canonicity of sentence structure (i.e., canonical versus non-canonical word order). The global picture emerging from our analysis indicates that what was investigated in the intraoperative literature is morphosyntactic processing, rather than pure syntax. The study of the neurobiology of syntax during awake surgery seems thus to be still at an early stage, in need of systematic, linguistically grounded investigations.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease is highly prevalent in patients with end-stage renal disease. Yet randomised controlled trials are lacking, and decisions are based on retrospective cohort studies which present conflicting outcomes. Hence we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing outcomes in patients with end-stage renal disease and renal dysfunction undergoing percutaneous intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), with a particular focus on contemporary studies implementing drug-eluting stents.
METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, World of Science, and the Cochrane library were searched for randomised controlled (RCT) and observational studies comparing clinical outcomes such as early mortality, myocardial infarction, need for repeat revascularisation and angina in patients undergoing PCI or CABG. We used random effect models to compare risk ratios (RR) within groups.
RESULTS: One RCT and 15 observational studies (7588 PCI and 9206 CABG patients) met inclusion criteria. Early mortality favoured the PCI cohort (4.2% vs 8.5%) [risk ratio=0.51(0.40, 0.64), p<0.01]. The need for repeat revascularisation was significantly lower in the CABG cohort (7.3% vs 17.8%; p<0.01). Pooled analysis of studies implementing a drug eluting stent still favoured CABG with regards to repeat revascularisation (5% vs 14%; p<0.01) and MACE (15% vs 27%; p=0.03), while early mortality was less in the DES-PCI cohort (2.4% vs 5.1%; p=0.04).
CONCLUSIONS: Compared to percutaneous intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with higher early/30-day mortality in patients with renal dysfunction or end-stage renal disease. The need for repeat revascularisation is significantly higher with percutaneous intervention, even with the use of a drug-eluting stent.

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative neuromonitoring has been established as one of the methods by which modern neurosurgery can improve surgical results while reducing morbidity. Despite routine use of intraoperative facial nerve (FN) monitoring, FN injury still is a complication of major concern due to severe negative impact on patient\'s quality of life.
METHODS: Through searches of PubMed, we provided a systematic review of the current literature up to February, 2011, emphasizing all respects of FN monitoring for cerebellopontine angle and skull base tumor surgery from description to current success on function prediction of standard and emerging monitoring techniques.
RESULTS: Currently, standard monitoring techniques comprise direct electrical stimulation (DES), free-running electromyography (EMG), and facial motor evoked potential (FMEP). We included 62 studies on function prediction by investigating DES (43 studies), free-running EMG (13 studies), and FMEP (6 studies) criteria. DES mostly evaluated postoperative function by using absolute amplitude, stimulation threshold, and proximal-to-distal amplitude ratio, whereas free-running EMG used the train-time criterion. The prognostic significance of FMEP was assessed with the final-to-baseline amplitude ratio, as well as the event-to-baseline amplitude ratio and waveform complexity.
CONCLUSIONS: Although there is a general agreement on the satisfactory functional prediction of different electrophysiological criteria, the lack of standardization in electrode montage and stimulation parameters precludes a definite conclusion regarding the best method. Moreover, studies emphasizing comparison between criteria or even multimodal monitoring and its impact on FN anatomical and functional preservation are still lacking in the literature.